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      Scaling mimesis: Morphometric and ecomorphological similarities in three sympatric plant-mimetic fish of the family Carangidae (Teleostei)

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          Abstract

          The mimetic juveniles of a number of carangid fish species resemble plant parts floating near the water surface, such as leaves, seeds and other plant debris. The present study is the first to verify the morphological similarities and ecomorphological relationships between three carangids ( Oligoplites saurus, Oligoplites palometa and Trachinotus falcatus) and their associated plant models. Behavioral observations were conducted in the estuary of Curuçá River, in northeastern Pará (Brazil) between August 2015 and July 2016. Individual fishes and associated floating objects (models) were sampled for comparative analysis using both geometric and morphometric approaches. While the mimetic fish and their models retain their own distinct, intrinsic morphological features, a high degree of morphological similarity was found between each fish species and its model. The morphometric analyses revealed a general tendency of isometric development in all three fish species, probably related to their pelagic habitats, during all ontogenetic stages.

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          Mangroves enhance the biomass of coral reef fish communities in the Caribbean.

          Mangrove forests are one of the world's most threatened tropical ecosystems with global loss exceeding 35% (ref. 1). Juvenile coral reef fish often inhabit mangroves, but the importance of these nurseries to reef fish population dynamics has not been quantified. Indeed, mangroves might be expected to have negligible influence on reef fish communities: juvenile fish can inhabit alternative habitats and fish populations may be regulated by other limiting factors such as larval supply or fishing. Here we show that mangroves are unexpectedly important, serving as an intermediate nursery habitat that may increase the survivorship of young fish. Mangroves in the Caribbean strongly influence the community structure of fish on neighbouring coral reefs. In addition, the biomass of several commercially important species is more than doubled when adult habitat is connected to mangroves. The largest herbivorous fish in the Atlantic, Scarus guacamaia, has a functional dependency on mangroves and has suffered local extinction after mangrove removal. Current rates of mangrove deforestation are likely to have severe deleterious consequences for the ecosystem function, fisheries productivity and resilience of reefs. Conservation efforts should protect connected corridors of mangroves, seagrass beds and coral reefs.
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            Factors affecting the distribution of juvenile estuarine and inshore fish

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              The seascape nursery: a novel spatial approach to identify and manage nurseries for coastal marine fauna

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Data curationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: ResourcesRole: SoftwareRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SoftwareRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS ONE
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                20 March 2018
                2018
                : 13
                : 3
                : e0194437
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Laboratory of Evolution, Federal University of Pará, Bragança campus, Bragança, Brazil
                [2 ] CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
                [3 ] Laboratory of the Biology of Aquatic Resources, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
                [4 ] Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Biologia Pesqueira e Manejo dos Recursos Aquáticos, Grupo de Ecologia Aquática – GEA, Belém, PA, Brazil
                [5 ] Integrated Laboratory of Animal Behavior, Federal Rural University of Amazonia, campus of Capanema, Capanema, Brazil
                Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4344-9372
                Article
                PONE-D-17-38223
                10.1371/journal.pone.0194437
                5860769
                29558476
                298779af-957a-4b7c-a436-ae62f9b3b60f
                © 2018 Queiroz et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 26 October 2017
                : 2 March 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 7, Tables: 1, Pages: 17
                Funding
                Funded by: Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
                Award ID: 6718-10-8
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: CNPq/FAPESPA
                Award ID: 456780/2012
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: CPES Pró-Amazônia
                Award ID: 3290/2013
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: PIBIC/CNPQ
                Award ID: 302892/2016-8
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: IODP
                Award ID: 0553/2015
                Award Recipient :
                This work was supported by CAPES—6718-10-8— http://www.capes.gov.br; CNPQ/FAPESPA -456780/2012— http://www.fapespa.pa.gov.br.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Research and Analysis Methods
                Imaging Techniques
                Morphometry
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Behavior
                Animal Behavior
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Zoology
                Animal Behavior
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Plant Science
                Plant Anatomy
                Leaves
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Organisms
                Eukaryota
                Animals
                Vertebrates
                Fish
                Freshwater Fish
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Plant Science
                Plant Anatomy
                Flowers
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Plant Science
                Plant Anatomy
                Seeds
                Ecology and Environmental Sciences
                Aquatic Environments
                Marine Environments
                Coasts
                Mangrove Swamps
                Earth Sciences
                Marine and Aquatic Sciences
                Aquatic Environments
                Marine Environments
                Coasts
                Mangrove Swamps
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Organisms
                Eukaryota
                Animals
                Vertebrates
                Fish
                Custom metadata
                All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.

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                Uncategorized

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