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      Evaluación clínica e histopatológica de la Pythiosis cutánea en terneros del departamento de Córdoba, Colombia Translated title: Clinical and histopathology evaluation of cutaneous Pythiosis in calves the department of Cordoba, Colombia

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          Abstract

          Objetivo. Evaluar y caracterizar los aspectos clínicos e histopatológicos de la Pythiosis cutánea en terneros del departamento de Córdoba, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo, no probabilístico en animales por conveniencia. Fueron analizados 14 terneros con Pythiosis cutánea, a los cuales se les realizó caracterización clínica e histopatológica mediante tinciones de Hematoxilina-Eosina y Grocott. Resultados. Clínicamente, los animales presentaron lesiones cutáneas ulcerativas y húmedas con abundante exudación fibrino sanguinolenta, algunas tenían superficie irregular con nodulaciones y hemorragias, así como salida en algunos casos de material caseificado blanco amarillento. Las lesiones se ubicaron en la mayoría de los casos a nivel de las partes distales de los miembros y región ventro-lateral del cuello. Histopatológicamente, en coloración de Hematoxilina-Eosina se observó múltiples piogranulomas constituidos por área central con aglomerados de eosinófilos y pocos neutrófilos rodeados por macrófagos y células gigantes (reacción de Splendore-Hoeppli). En la coloración de Grocott se evidenciaron múltiples hifas intralesionales septadas y parcialmente ramificadas en ángulo recto de color café. Conclusiones. El diagnóstico definitivo de la enfermedad se basó en la epidemiología, características macroscópicas de las lesiones y en los hallazgos histopatológicos, siendo concluyente como métodos de diagnóstico de la Pythiosis cutánea bovina.

          Translated abstract

          Objective. Evaluate and characterize the clinical and histopathological aspects of cutaneous Pythiosis in calves the department of Córdoba, Colombia. Materials and methods. A descriptive, non-probabilistic, convenience study was conducted in animals. 14 calves were with skin Pythiosis were analyzed, which underwent clinical and histopathologic characterization using hematoxylin-eosin and Grocott staining. Results. Clinically, the animals developed humid skin ulcers with abundant fibrin bloody exudation, some had irregular surface nodules and bleeding and in some cases, yellowish white caseous material. Lesions were located in most cases, on the distal parts of the limbs and the ventro-lateral region of the neck. Histopathologically, in hematoxylin-eosin staining, pyogranulomas and a multiple central area constituted by agglomerates of eosinophils and neutrophils, some of them surrounded by macrophages and giant cells (Splendore-Hoeppli reaction) were observed. The Grocott stain showed multiple septate and partially branched, intralesional, straight, brown hyphae. Conclusions. The definitive diagnosis of the disease was based on epidemiology, macroscopic characteristics of lesions and histopathologic findings, as being conclusive diagnostic methods for bovine cutaneous Pythiosis.

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          Pythium insidiosum: an overview.

          Pythium insidiosum is an oomycete pathogenic in mammals. The infection occurs mainly in tropical and subtropical areas, particularly in horses, dogs and humans. Infection is acquired through small wounds via contact with water that contains motile zoospores or other propagules (zoospores or hyphae). The disease, though described as emerging has in fact already been described since 1884. Depending on the site of entry, infection can lead to different forms of pythiosis i.e. a cutaneous, vascular, ocular, gastrointestinal and a systemic form, which is rarely seen. The infection is not contagious; no animal-animal or animal-human transmission has been reported so far. Therapy includes radical surgery, antifungal drugs, immunotherapy or a combination of these therapies. The prevention to contract the disease in endemic areas is difficult. Avoiding stagnant waters could be of help, although the presence of P. insidiosum on grass and soil in enzootic areas renders this practice useless.
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            Ética en la investigación con modelos animales experimentales. Alternativas y las 3 RS de Russel. Una responsabilidad y un compromiso ético que nos compete a todos

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              Immunology and immunotherapy of the infections caused by Pythium insidiosum.

              Although infections caused by the straminipilan pathogen Pythium insidiosum were described in 19th century, it has been only recently that its epidemiology, immunology, treatment and other important traits were extensively studied. These studies were of paramount importance to theorize about the ecological niche for this pathogen, its host-parasite relationships, the antigens used for diagnosis, and the management of the infection using immunotherapy. P. insidiosum triggers in the infected host a T helper 2 [Th2] subset with an inflammatory reaction composed mainly of eosinophils and mast cells. These cells degranulate around the hyphal elements of P. insidiosum where a Splendore-Hoeppli-like reaction develops. In horses this reaction is so intensive that firm concretions called 'kunkers' develop. These data indicated that this pathogen might have developed an evolutionary strategy to conceal important antigens from the host immune system. Immunotherapy, a treatment approach that relies on the injection of antigens of P. insidiosum from in vitro cultures, has been successfully used in humans and horses to manage this disease. A switch from a Th2 to Th1 response is postulated as the most likely explanation of the curative properties of this approach. This review provides details on the serological, immunological, and immunotherapeutic methodologies used to diagnose and treat the infections caused by this pathogen.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                mvz
                Revista MVZ Córdoba
                Rev.MVZ Cordoba
                Universidad de Córdoba - Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia. (Córdoba, Montería, Colombia )
                0122-0268
                1909-0544
                May 2013
                : 18
                : 2
                : 3551-3558
                Affiliations
                [02] Viçosa orgnameUniversidad Federal de Viçosa orgdiv1Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria Brasil
                [03] Montería orgnameUniversidad de Córdoba orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria orgdiv2Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas del Trópico (IIBT) Colombia
                [01] Montería orgnameUniversidad de Córdoba orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria Colombia
                Article
                S0122-02682013000200017 S0122-0268(13)01800217
                29d41ff6-6ab5-4802-8542-a7dbdcd74d85

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : March 2012
                : April 2013
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Categories
                Originales

                Pythium insidiosum,bovinos,dermatitis granulomatosa,bovine,dermatitis pyogranulomatous

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