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      Correlation between Vertical Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus and the Expression of HBsAg in Ovarian Follicles and Placenta

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          Abstract

          Background

          The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the expression of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in human ovary and placenta and the vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV).

          Methodology/Principal Fidnings

          Ovarian and placental tissue specimens of pregnant women infected with HBV were collected during cesarean section and immunostained for HBsAg. The sera of the corresponding newborns were tested for HBV markers and HBV DNA. HBsAg was detected in 15 out of 33 (45%) placental tissues and was further detected in capillary endothelial cells in 4 specimens (26%), of which 3 (75%) corresponding infants were infected with HBV in utero. Out of the 33 ovarian tissues, 7 (21%) were positive for HBsAg, of which 2 (28%) showed HBsAg in ovarian follicles and the 2 corresponding infants (100%) had intrauterine HBV infection.

          Conclusions/Significance

          HBsAg expression in cells of the ovarian follicle or placental capillary endothelium signal a higher risk for intrauterine HBV infection.

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          Exome sequencing of hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma.

          Jian Huang, Qing Deng, Qun Wang … (2012)
          Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and shows a propensity to metastasize and infiltrate adjacent and more distant tissues. HCC is associated with multiple risk factors, including hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, which is especially prevalent in China. Here, we used exome sequencing to identify somatic mutations in ten HBV-positive individuals with HCC with portal vein tumor thromboses (PVTTs), intrahepatic metastases. Both C:G>A:T and T:A>A:T transversions were frequently found among the 331 non-silent mutations. Notably, ARID1A, which encodes a component of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, was mutated in 14 of 110 (13%) HBV-associated HCC specimens. We used RNA interference to assess the roles of 91 of the confirmed mutated genes in cellular survival. The results suggest that seven of these genes, including VCAM1 and CDK14, may confer growth and infiltration capacity to HCC cells. This study provides a view of the landscape of somatic mutations that may be implicated in advanced HCC.
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            Relationship of hepatitis B virus infection of placental barrier and hepatitis B virus intra-uterine transmission mechanism.

            Guo-Kai Feng, Han Bai, Zhen-Xiong Zhao … (2007)
            To explore the mechanism of intra-uterine transmission, the HBV infection status of placental tissue and in vitro cultured placental trophoblastic cells was tested through in vivo and in vitro experiments. A variety of methods, such as ELISA, RT-PCR, IHC staining and immunofluorescent staining were employed to test the HBV marker positive pregnant women's placenta and in vitro cultured placental trophoblastic cells. The HBV DNA levels in pregnant women's serum and fetal cord blood were correlated. For those cord blood samples positive for HBV DNA, their maternal blood levels of HBV DNA were at a high level. The HBsAg IHC staining positive cells could be seen in the placental tissues and the presence of HBV DNA detected. After co-incubating the trophoblastic cells and HBV DNA positive serum in vitro, the expressions of both HBsAg and HBV DNA could be detected. The mechanism of HBV intra-uterine infection may be due to that HBV breaches the placental barrier and infects the fetus.
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              Mechanism of intrauterine infection of hepatitis B virus.

              Nong-hui Jiang, Lei Shi, Shu Zhang … (2004)
              To explore the possible mechanism of intrauterine infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV). HBV DNA was detected in vaginal secretion and amniotic fluid from 59 HBsAg-positive mothers and in venous blood of their newborns by PCR. HBsAg and HBcAg in placenta were determined by ABC immunohistochemistry. The rate of HBV intrauterine infection was 40.1% (24/59). HBV DNA was detected in 47.5% of amniotic fluid samples and 52.5% of vaginal secretion samples respectively. HBsAg and HBcAg were detected in placentas from HBsAg-positive mothers. The concentration of the two antigens decreased from the mother's side to the fetus's side, in the following order: maternal decidual cells > trophoblastic cells > villous mesenchymal cells > villous capillary endothelial cells. However, in 4 placentas the distribution was in the reverse order. HBsAg and HBcAg were detected in amniotic epithelial cells from 32 mothers. The main route of HBV transmission from mother to fetus is transplacental, from the mother side of placenta to the fetus side. However, HBV intrauterine infection may take place through other routes.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Man-Fung Yuen: Role: Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS ONE
                Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
                Journal ID (pmc): plosone
                Title: PLoS ONE
                Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, USA )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1932-6203
                Publication date Collection: 2013
                Publication date (Electronic): 31 January 2013
                Volume: 8
                Issue: 1
                Electronic Location Identifier: e54246
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
                [2 ]Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yixing People’s Hospital, Yixing, Jiangsu Province, China
                [3 ]Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
                The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Conceived and designed the experiments: MMY QJ XJG. Performed the experiments: LLJ YJ. Analyzed the data: KHW HXJ. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: KHW. Wrote the paper: MMY QJ.

                Article
                Publisher ID: PONE-D-12-21356
                DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054246
                PMC ID: 3561336
                PubMed ID: 23382883
                SO-VID: 2adb50fa-2f93-435d-b482-54667590fbf0
                Copyright statement: Copyright @ 2013
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date received : 20 July 2012
                Date accepted : 10 December 2012
                Page count
                Pages: 6
                Funding
                This work was supported by Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. BK2008070). We are grateful to associate professor Lanxia Liu and Hongmei Zhang in our hospital. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Subject: Medicine
                Subject: Epidemiology
                Subject: Infectious Disease Epidemiology
                Subject: Pediatric Epidemiology
                Subject: Gastroenterology and Hepatology
                Subject: Liver Diseases
                Subject: Infectious Hepatitis
                Subject: Hepatitis B
                Subject: Liver Disease and Pregnancy
                Subject: Infectious Diseases
                Subject: Viral Diseases
                Subject: Hepatitis
                Subject: Hepatitis B
                Subject: Obstetrics and Gynecology
                Subject: Management of High-Risk Pregnancies

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized
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                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized

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