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      Estudio clínico y epidemiológico de las neumonías por Mycoplasma pneumoniae y adenovirus en un hospital de Barcelona Translated title: Clinical and epidemiological study of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and adenoviral pneumonia in a hospital of Barcelona

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          Abstract

          Introducción: Mycoplasma pneumoniae y adenovirus son dos de las causas más frecuentes de neumonía en la infancia. El objetivo del estudio es describir las características epidemiológicas, clínicas, radiológicas y analíticas de los casos de neumonía por dichos microorganismos en menores de 15 años en un hospital de Barcelona. Determinar si existen diferencias entre etiologías y edades y conocer los casos de coinfección. Material y métodos: estudio retrospectivo, mediante revisión de las historias clínicas de los menores de 15 años atendidos en el periodo 2000-2007 en el hospital y cuya IgM para M. pneumoniae y/o adenovirus fue positiva o se obtuvo inmunofluorescencia o cultivo positivo para adenovirus. Posteriormente se realizó un análisis estadístico mediante SPSS®. Resultados: se diagnosticaron 153 neumonías: 73 por M. pneumoniae y 80 por adenovirus. La media de edad fue de 5,7 y 3,5 años respectivamente, siendo el 46% menores de 5 años en la neumonía por M. pneumoniae y el 71,3% por adenovirus. No se observó predominio estacional claro. Las manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes fueron fiebre y tos, con buen estado general. La auscultación pulmonar fue patológica en 141 casos, predominando la unilateralidad y crepitantes. La alteración radiológica fue mayoritariamente unilateral. Los resultados analíticos no fueron significativos. Se encontraron 23 coinfecciones entre ambos y 22 con otros microorganismos. Conclusiones: M. pneumoniae y adenovirus deben ser considerados como agentes causales de neumonías en cualquier edad de la infancia. Destaca la dificultad para establecer empíricamente el diagnóstico etiológico, la similitud clínica entre mayores y menores de 5 años y el porcentaje de coinfecciones.

          Translated abstract

          Introduction: Mycoplasma pneumoniae and adenovirus are two of the main causes of pneumonia in children. The objectives of the study are to describe the epidemiological, clinical, radiological and laboratory characteristics of the cases of pneumonia caused by these microorganisms in children younger than 15 years in a Hospital of Barcelona. And also to know if there are differences between both etiologies, between children with different ages and to know the cases of coinfections. Methods: retrospective study of review of clinical histories of children under 15 who were visited from 2000 to 2007 in the hospital and whose IgM against M. pneumonia and/or adenovirus or the immunofluorescence or culture for adenovirus had been positive. A statistical study with the program SPSS was performed. Results: seventy-three pneumonias caused by M. pneumoniae and 80 by adenovirus were diagnosed. Thirty-five were girls and 28 boys. The mean age was 5.7 and 3.5 years respectively; 46.6% were younger than 5 years in M. pneumoniae and 71.3% in adenovirus infections. There was no clear stational prevalence. The most frequent clinical manifestations were fever and cough, with good general aspect. The auscultatory findings were pathological in 141 cases, being crepitations and unilateral affectation the most frequent features. Chest x-rays showed predominantly unilateral affectation. Blood tests did not show significative alterations. There were 23 coinfections found with both microorganism and 22 with others. Conclusions: M. pneumoniae and adenovirus should be considered causal agents of paediatric pneumonias. Is remarkable the difficulty in the differential diagnosis with other pneumonias, the clinical similitude between younger and older than 5 years and the important percentage of coinfections.

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          Most cited references42

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          Role of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae in children with community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections.

          In order to evaluate the role of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae, we studied 613 children aged 2-14 years who were hospitalized for community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). The patients were enrolled in the study by 21 centers in different regions of Italy from May 1998 through April 1999. Paired serum samples were obtained on admission and after 4-6 weeks to assay the titers of M. pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae antibodies. Nasopharyngeal aspirates for the detection of M. pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae were obtained on admission. Acute M. pneumoniae infections in 210 patients (34.3%) and acute C. pneumoniae infections in 87 (14.1%) were diagnosed. Fifteen of the 18 children with M. pneumoniae and/or C. pneumoniae infections whose treatments were considered clinical failures 4-6 weeks after enrollment had not been treated with macrolides. Our study confirms that M. pneumoniae and/or C. pneumoniae plays a significant role in community-acquired LRTIs in children of all ages and that such infections have a more complicated course when not treated with adequate antimicrobial agents.
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            Mycoplasma pneumonia: clinical and radiographic features in 39 children.

            The purpose of the present paper was to evaluate the clinical and chest radiographic features of pediatric patients with serologically proven Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (mycoplasma pneumonia). The clinical records and chest radiographs of 39 consecutive patients (19 male, 20 female; age 3-13 years) with serologically positive IgG and IgM mycoplasma pneumonia were reviewed. More than 90% of patients presented with fever and cough and 48% of patients had leukocyte count >10,000/mm(3). A C-reactive protein (CRP) level >0.375 mg/dL was noted in 28 patients (72%). Chest radiographs displayed four different patterns: (i) peribronchial and perivascular interstitial infiltrates (n= 19, 49%); (ii) airspace consolidations (n= 15, 38%); (iii) reticulonodular opacification (n= 3, 8%); and (iv) nodular or mass-like opacification (n= 2, 5%). Bilateral peribronchial perivascular interstitial infiltrations in central and middle lung zones were frequently seen (n= 19, 49%). Other radiological features were bilateral lesions in 51% of patients, pleural effusion in 23%, and hilar lymphadenopathy in 13%. Means of duration for treatment response and hospitalization were 2.5 and 5 days, respectively. There are various radiological features of mycoplasma pneumonia in children. Bilateral peribronchial and perivascular interstitial infiltrates were most frequently seen in the present patients.
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              Epidemic adenoviral lower respiratory tract infection in pediatric patients: radiographic and clinical characteristics.

              This retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate the radiographic and clinical findings of adenoviral lower respiratory infection during an epidemic period. Epidemic adenoviral pneumonia may mimic bacterial pneumonia on radiographs. Findings that include bilateral and multifocal involvement on chest radiographs, normal or decreased WBC associated with lymphocytosis, and progression of illness despite extensive antibiotic therapy, help to differentiate epidemic adenoviral from bacterial pneumonia.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                pap
                Pediatría Atención Primaria
                Rev Pediatr Aten Primaria
                Asociación Española de Pediatría de Atención Primaria (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1139-7632
                June 2010
                : 12
                : 46
                : 199-214
                Affiliations
                [01] Barcelona orgnameHospital del Mar orgdiv1Servicio de Pediatría España
                [02] El Prat de Llobregat orgnameLaboratori de Referencia de Catalunya España
                Article
                S1139-76322010000300003
                10.4321/s1139-76322010000300003
                2c8fe5df-8dcc-4d1d-a6a5-4b66657f563e

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

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                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 16
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                SciELO Spain


                Adenovirus,Mycoplasma pneumoniae,Neumonía,Niño,Pneumonia,Child

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