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      Idiopathic sclerochoroidal calcifications: Case report, metabolic causes and differential diagnosis Translated title: Calcificações esclerocoroidais idiopáticas: relato de caso, causas metabólicas e diagnóstico diferencial

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          Abstract

          Abstract Sclerochoroidal calcifications (SC) are a rare and benign ocular condition characterized by yellow-white irregular subretinal lesions usually found in the supero-temporal arcade of the midperipheral fundus in middle-aged elderly men. We present a clinical case of a 79- year-old patient who during a fundus examination presented raised whitish nodules in the supero-temporal arcade in the right eye. After performing optical coherence tomography, ultrasound, ocular computed tomography and laboratory analysis, she was diagnosed with idiopathic sclerochoroidal calcifications The pathogenesis of sclerochoroidal calcifications remains unclear but systemic conditions should be discarded. It is important to distinguish sclerochoroidal calcifications from other conditions such as tumors.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo Calcificações esclerocoroidais (SC) são uma condição ocular rara e benigna caracterizada por lesões sub-retinianas irregulares amarelo-brancas, geralmente encontradas na arcada superotemporal do fundo médio-periférico em homens idosos de meia-idade. Apresentamos um caso clínico de uma paciente de 79 anos que durante exame de fundo apresentou nódulos esbranquiçados elevados na arcada superotemporal do olho direito. Após realizar tomografia de coerência óptica, ultra-sonografia, tomografia computadorizada ocular e análise laboratorial, ela foi diagnosticada com calcificações esclerocoroidais idiopáticas A patogênese das calcificações esclerocoroidais permanece incerta, mas as condições sistêmicas devem ser descartadas. É importante distinguir calcificações esclerocoroidais de outras condições, como tumores.

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          Most cited references9

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          Sclerochoroidal calcification: clinical manifestations and systemic associations.

          Sclerochoroidal calcification is an unusual ocular condition that is believed to be idiopathic in most cases.
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            CME review: sclerochoroidal calcification: the 2001 Harold Gifford Lecture.

            Sclerochoroidal calcification is a recently recognized ocular condition that is characterized by typical geographic yellow-white fundus lesions that usually occur bilaterally in adults. It can clinically simulate a number of intraocular tumors like choroidal metastasis, choroidal melanoma, and choroidal osteoma. Clinical evaluation with ultrasonography, computed tomography, and some histopathologic studies have supported the fact the condition represents calcium deposition in the sclera and choroid. Early reports suggested that sclerochoroidal calcification was usually associated with hypercalcemic conditions such as hyperparathyroidism and pseudohypoparathyroidism. Subsequently, many patients with sclerochoroidal calcification have had no apparent systemic associations and have been classified as idiopathic. However, very recent studies have suggested that this ocular condition can also be associated with Gitelman syndrome or Bartter syndrome. These are autosomal recessive conditions of hypokalemic alkalosis associated with hypomagnesemia and deposition of calcium salts in various tissues. Ophthalmologists should be familiar with fundus features and systemic associations of sclerochoroidal calcification.
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              Focal senile translucency of the sclera.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rbof
                Revista Brasileira de Oftalmologia
                Rev. bras.oftalmol.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Oftalmologia (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0034-7280
                1982-8551
                October 2020
                : 79
                : 5
                : 336-339
                Affiliations
                [1] Madrid orgnameHospital Universitario Infanta Leonor Spain
                Article
                S0034-72802020000500336 S0034-7280(20)07900500336
                10.5935/0034-7280.20200072
                2cc5589c-e9ae-4308-9c8b-da1e496f546f

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 06 July 2020
                : 24 March 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 9, Pages: 4
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI: Full text available only in PDF format (EN)
                Categories
                Case Reports

                Diagnóstico diferencial,Choroid diseases/diagnosis,Doenças metabólicas,Doenças da coróide/diagnóstico,Metabolic diseases,Idiopathic sclerochoroidal calcifications,Calcinose/iagnóstico,Calcificações esclerocoroidais idiopáticas,Doenças da esclera/diagnóstico,Diagnosis, differential,Calcinosis/diagnosis,Scleral diseases/diagnosis

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