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      Trajectory of serogroups causing Invasive Meningococcal Disease in Santa Catarina state, Brazil (2007–2019)

      brief-report

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          Abstract

          The aim of this study was to compare the trajectory of serogroups causing Invasive Meningococcal Disease (IMD) in the Santa Catarina (SC) state with those of whole Brazil. A retrospective analysis of all IMD cases reported from January 2007 to December 2019 was carried out. During the study period, 26,058 IMD cases were registered in Brazil and 644 and in SC state alone. Overall, Brazil showed progressive reduction in cases since 2010, when the meningococcal C conjugate vaccine was introducted on National Immunization Program, while SC showed an increase in total cases since 2013, particularly from serogroups W and C. Serogroups distribution was significantly different between Brazil and SC. The emergence of serogroup W highlights the improved meningococcal surveillance through increased accuracy in identification methods in SC state. This finding is important for discussing recommendations of quadrivalent (ACWY) conjugate vaccines in different geographical areas of Brazil.

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          Description and Nomenclature of Neisseria meningitidis Capsule Locus

          Odile B Harrison, Heike Claus, Ying Jiang … (2013)
          Pathogenic Neisseria meningitidis isolates contain a polysaccharide capsule that is the main virulence determinant for this bacterium. Thirteen capsular polysaccharides have been described, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has enabled determination of the structure of capsular polysaccharides responsible for serogroup specificity. Molecular mechanisms involved in N. meningitidis capsule biosynthesis have also been identified, and genes involved in this process and in cell surface translocation are clustered at a single chromosomal locus termed cps. The use of multiple names for some of the genes involved in capsule synthesis, combined with the need for rapid diagnosis of serogroups commonly associated with invasive meningococcal disease, prompted a requirement for a consistent approach to the nomenclature of capsule genes. In this report, a comprehensive description of all N. meningitidis serogroups is provided, along with a proposed nomenclature, which was presented at the 2012 XVIIIth International Pathogenic Neisseria Conference.
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            Prevention and control of meningococcal disease: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP).

            Amanda C. Cohn, Jessica MacNeil, Thomas Clark … (2013)
            Meningococcal disease describes the spectrum of infections caused by Neisseria meningiditis, including meningitdis, bacteremia, and bacteremic pneumonia. Two quadrivalent meningococcal polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines that provide protection against meningococcal serogroups A, C, W, and Y (MenACWY-D [Menactra, manufactured by Sanofi Pasteur, Inc., Swiftwater, Pennsylvania] and MenACWY-CRM [Menveo, manufactured by Novartis Vaccines, Cambridge, Massachusetts]) are licensed in the United States for use among persons aged 2 through 55 years. MenACWY-D also is licensed for use among infants and toddlers aged 9 through 23 months. Quadrivalent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine (MPSV4 [Menommune, manufactured by sanofi pasteur, Inc., Swiftwater, Pennsylvania]) is the only vaccine licensed for use among persons aged ≥56 years. A bivalent meningococcal polysaccharide protein conjugate vaccine that provides protection against meningococcal serogroups C and Y along with Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) (Hib-MenCY-TT [MenHibrix, manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium]) is licensed for use in children aged 6 weeks through 18 months. This report compiles and summarizes all recommendations from CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) regarding prevention and control of meningococcal disease in the United States, specifically the changes in the recommendations published since 2005 (CDC. Prevention and control of meningococcal disease: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices [ACIP]. MMWR 2005;54 [No. RR-7]). As a comprehensive summary of previously published recommendations, this report does not contain any new recommendations; it is intended for use by clinicians as a resource. ACIP recommends routine vaccination with a quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MenACWY) for adolescents aged 11 or 12 years, with a booster dose at age 16 years. ACIP also recommends routine vaccination for persons at increased risk for meningococcal disease (i.e., persons who have persistent complement component deficiencies, persons who have anatomic or functional asplenia, microbiologists who routinely are exposed to isolates of N. meningitidis, military recruits, and persons who travel to or reside in areas in which meningococcal disease is hyperendemic or epidemic). Guidelines for antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis and for evaluation and management of suspected outbreaks of meningococcal disease also are provided.
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              The Global Meningococcal Initiative: recommendations for reducing the global burden of meningococcal disease.

              Lee Harrison, Stephen I. Pelton, Annelies Wilder-Smith … (2011)
              The Global Meningococcal Initiative (GMI) is composed of an international group of scientists, clinicians and public health officials with expertise in meningococcal immunology, epidemiology and prevention. The primary goal of the GMI is the promotion of the global prevention of invasive meningococcal disease through education and research. The GMI members reviewed global meningococcal disease epidemiology, immunization strategies, and research needs. Over the past decade, substantial advances in meningococcal vaccine development have occurred and much has been learned about prevention from countries that have incorporated meningococcal vaccines into their immunization programs. The burden of meningococcal disease is unknown for many parts of the world because of inadequate surveillance, which severely hampers evidence-based immunization policy. As the field of meningococcal vaccine development advances, global surveillance for meningococcal disease needs to be strengthened in many regions of the world. For countries with meningococcal vaccination policies, research on vaccine effectiveness and impact, including indirect effects, is crucial for informing policy decisions. Each country needs to tailor meningococcal vaccination policy according to individual country needs and knowledge of disease burden. Innovative approaches are needed to introduce and sustain meningococcal vaccination programs in resource-poor settings with a high incidence of meningococcal disease. Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Ricardo Becker Feijo
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Braz J Infect Dis
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Braz J Infect Dis
                Title: The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases
                Publisher: Elsevier
                ISSN (Print): 1413-8670
                ISSN (Electronic): 1678-4391
                Publication date PMC-release: 10 July 2020
                Publication date Collection: Jul-Aug 2020
                Publication date (Electronic): 10 July 2020
                Volume: 24
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 349-351
                Affiliations
                [a ]Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Pediatria, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
                [b ]Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Diretoria Geral de Vigilância em Saúde, Unidade de Vigilância Epidemiológica, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
                Author notes
                [* ] Corresponding author at: Rua Attilio Bilibio 120/23, 91530008 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. rfeijo@ 123456hcpa.edu.br
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: S1413-8670(20)30087-8
                DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2020.06.007
                PMC ID: 9392075
                PubMed ID: 32659221
                SO-VID: 2d873d37-5536-4b91-93ce-6ec564aca2aa
                Copyright © © 2020 Sociedade Brasileira de Infectologia. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U.
                License:

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 29 September 2019
                Date accepted : 13 June 2020
                Categories
                Subject: Brief Communication

                Keywords: invasive meningococcal disease,serogroup w,santa catarina state,brazil
                Data availability:
                Keywords: invasive meningococcal disease, serogroup w, santa catarina state, brazil

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