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Illuminating gravitational waves: A concordant picture of photons from a neutron star merger
M. M. Kasliwal ,
E. Nakar ,
L. P. Singer ,
D. L. Kaplan ,
D. O. Cook ,
A. Van Sistine ,
R. M. Lau ,
C. Fremling ,
O. Gottlieb ,
J. E. Jencson ,
S. M. Adams ,
U. Feindt ,
K. Hotokezaka ,
S. Ghosh ,
D. A. Perley ,
P.-C. Yu ,
T. Piran ,
J. R. Allison ,
G. C. Anupama ,
A. Balasubramanian ,
K. W. Bannister ,
J. Bally ,
J. Barnes ,
S. Barway ,
E. Bellm ,
V. Bhalerao ,
D. Bhattacharya ,
N. Blagorodnova ,
J. S. Bloom ,
P. R. Brady ,
C. Cannella ,
D. Chatterjee ,
S. B. Cenko ,
B. E. Cobb ,
C. Copperwheat ,
A. Corsi ,
K. De ,
D. Dobie ,
S. W. K. Emery ,
P. A. Evans ,
O. D. Fox ,
D. A. Frail ,
C. Frohmaier ,
A. Goobar ,
G. Hallinan ,
F. Harrison ,
G. Helou ,
T. Hinderer ,
A. Y. Q. Ho ,
A. Horesh ,
W.-H. Ip ,
R. Itoh ,
D. Kasen ,
H. Kim ,
N. P. M. Kuin ,
T. Kupfer ,
C. Lynch ,
K. Madsen ,
P. A. Mazzali ,
A. A. Miller ,
K. Mooley ,
T. Murphy ,
C.-C. Ngeow ,
D. Nichols ,
S. Nissanke ,
P. Nugent ,
E. O. Ofek ,
H. Qi ,
R. M. Quimby ,
S. Rosswog ,
F. Rusu ,
E. M. Sadler ,
P. Schmidt ,
J. Sollerman ,
I. Steele ,
A. R. Williamson ,
Y. Xu ,
L. Yan ,
Y. Yatsu ,
C. Zhang ,
W. Zhao
December 21 2017
October 16 2017
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Abstract
Merging neutron stars offer an excellent laboratory for simultaneously studying strong-field
gravity and matter in extreme environments. We establish the physical association
of an electromagnetic counterpart (EM170817) with gravitational waves (GW170817) detected
from merging neutron stars. By synthesizing a panchromatic data set, we demonstrate
that merging neutron stars are a long-sought production site forging heavy elements
by r-process nucleosynthesis. The weak gamma rays seen in EM170817 are dissimilar
to classical short gamma-ray bursts with ultrarelativistic jets. Instead, we suggest
that breakout of a wide-angle, mildly relativistic cocoon engulfing the jet explains
the low-luminosity gamma rays, the high-luminosity ultraviolet-optical-infrared, and
the delayed radio and x-ray emission. We posit that all neutron star mergers may lead
to a wide-angle cocoon breakout, sometimes accompanied by a successful jet and sometimes
by a choked jet.