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      Conservadurismo político, homofobia y prejuicio hacia grupos transgénero en una muestra de estudiantes y egresados universitarios de Lima

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          Abstract

          Objetivo. Este estudio describe y analiza la relación entre la ideología política, la intolerancia a la ambigüedad, la homofobia y el prejuicio hacia los grupos transgénero en una muestra de estudiantes y egresados universitarios de la ciudad de Lima (N = 144). Método. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo-correlacional en el cual se utilizaron versiones adaptadas al español de las escalas RWA, SDO, Mstat-II (Escala de Tolerancia a la Ambigüedad), y una versión de la escala de Homofobia Moderna (MHS) validada en población universitaria de Lima. Resultados. Se encontró una relación directa entre el RWA, la SDO, la intolerancia a la ambigüedad, la homofobia y el prejuicio hacia determinados grupos transgénero (travestis y transexuales). Un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple propone que determinados niveles en RWA y en intolerancia a la ambigüedad pueden ser buenos predictores de actitudes homofóbicas. Conclusión. Se ha podido constatar que existe una relación entre las variables psicológicas que expresan una ideología política conservadora y el prejuicio hacia los homosexuales y hacia los grupos transgénero, en la medida en que son considerados por las personas más conservadoras como estímulos sociales muy ambiguos.

          Translated abstract

          Escopo. Este estudo descreve e analisa a relação entre ideologia política, intolerância à ambiguidade, homofobia e prejuízo para os grupos transgender numa amostra de estudantes e graduados universitários da cidade de Lima (N=144). Metodologia. Foi realizado um estudo quantitativo de tipo descritivo-corelacional no qual foram utilizados versões adaptadas ao espanhol das escalas RWA, SDO, MSTAT-II (Escala de Tolerância à ambiguidade) e uma versão da escala de Homofobia Moderna (MHS) validada em população universitária de Lima. Resultados. Foi achada uma relação direta entre o RWA, a SDO, a intolerância à ambiguidade, a homofobia e o prejuízo para determinados grupos transgender (travestis e transexuais). Um modelo de regressão lineal múltipla propõe que determinados níveis em RWA e em intolerância à ambiguidade podem ser bons preditores de atitudes de homofobia. Conclusão. Foi constatada uma relação entre as variáveis psicológicas que expressam uma ideologia política conservadora e o prejuízo para os homossexuais e para os grupos transgender, na medida em que são considerados pelas pessoas mais conservadoras como estímulos sociais muito ambíguos.

          Translated abstract

          Objective. This study describes and analyzes the relationship between political ideology, the intolerance of ambiguity, homophobia and prejudice against transgender groups in a sample of university students and graduates from the city of Lima (N = 144). Method. A quantitative descriptive-correlational study was carried out. Spanish translated versions of RWA and SDO scales were used. Also were used an adapted version of MSTAT-II (Tolerance of Ambiguity Scale) and a version of the Modern Homophobia Scale (MHS) validated for university students in the city of Lima. Results. A direct relationship was found between RWA, SDO, intolerance of ambiguity, homophobia and prejudice against certain transgender groups (transvestites and transsexuals). A multiple linear regression model suggests that RWA and intolerance of ambiguity, combined, could be applicable predictors of homophobic attitudes. Conclusion. Based on the results, it is possible to verify that there is a relationship between psychological variables that express a conservative political ideology and prejudice towards homosexuals and transgender groups, to the extent they could be considered by the most conservative individuals as very ambiguous social stimuli.

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          Social dominance orientation: A personality variable predicting social and political attitudes.

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            The psychological bases of ideology and prejudice: testing a dual process model.

            The issue of personality and prejudice has been largely investigated in terms of authoritarianism and social dominance orientation. However, these seem more appropriately conceptualized as ideological attitudes than as personality dimensions. The authors describe a causal model linking dual dimensions of personality, social world view, ideological attitudes, and intergroup attitudes. Structural equation modeling with data from American and White Afrikaner students supported the model, suggesting that social conformity and belief in a dangerous world influence authoritarian attitudes, whereas toughmindedness and belief in a competitive jungle world influence social dominance attitudes, and these two ideological attitude dimensions influence intergroup attitudes. The model implies that dual motivational and cognitive processes, which may be activated by different kinds of situational and intergroup dynamics, may underlie 2 distinct dimensions of prejudice.
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              Political conservatism as motivated social cognition.

              Analyzing political conservatism as motivated social cognition integrates theories of personality (authoritarianism, dogmatism-intolerance of ambiguity), epistemic and existential needs (for closure, regulatory focus, terror management), and ideological rationalization (social dominance, system justification). A meta-analysis (88 samples, 12 countries, 22,818 cases) confirms that several psychological variables predict political conservatism: death anxiety (weighted mean r = .50); system instability (.47); dogmatism-intolerance of ambiguity (.34); openness to experience (-.32); uncertainty tolerance (-.27); needs for order, structure, and closure (.26); integrative complexity (-.20); fear of threat and loss (.18); and self-esteem (-.09). The core ideology of conservatism stresses resistance to change and justification of inequality and is motivated by needs that vary situationally and dispositionally to manage uncertainty and threat.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                pepsi
                Pensamiento Psicológico
                Pensam. psicol.
                Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, seccional Cali (Cali, Valle, Colombia )
                1657-8961
                June 2012
                : 10
                : 1
                : 23-37
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnamePontificia Universidad Católica del Perú orgdiv1Departamento de Psicología Perú jrottenbacher@ 123456pucp.edu.pe
                Article
                S1657-89612012000100002 S1657-8961(12)01000102
                2ed92032-d1cf-4028-9d24-d7643af52fac

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 08 September 2011
                : 18 July 2011
                : 13 December 2011
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 57, Pages: 15
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Self URI: Texto completo solamente en formato PDF (ES)
                Categories
                Artículos

                identidad de género,homosexualidad,prejuicio,predominio social,Autoritarismo,gender identity,homosexuality,prejudice,social dominance,Authoritarianism,identidade de género,homossexualidade,prejuízo,predomínio social

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