[1
]GRID grid.253615.6, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 9510, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, , Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, ; Washington, DC, USA
[2
]Health Promotion Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
[3
]GRID grid.1048.d, ISNI 0000 0004 0473 0844, Centre for Health Research, , University of Southern Queensland, ; Springfield, Australia
[4
]Age Institute, Helsinki, Finland
[5
]GRID grid.14758.3f, ISNI 0000 0001 1013 0499, Public Health Evaluation and Projection Unit, , Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, ; Helsinki, Finland
[6
]GRID grid.3575.4, ISNI 0000000121633745, Physical Activity Unit, Department of Health Promotion, , World Health Organization, ; Geneva, Switzerland
[7
]GRID grid.1012.2, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 7910, School of Human Sciences, , The University of Western Australia, ; Perth, Australia
[8
]GRID grid.215654.1, ISNI 0000 0001 2151 2636, College of Health Solutions, , Arizona State University, ; Phoenix, USA
[9
]GRID grid.5342.0, ISNI 0000 0001 2069 7798, Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, , University of Ghent, ; Ghent, Belgium
[10
]GRID grid.418996.b, ISNI 0000 0004 0488 275X, UNESCO Chair, , Institute of Technology Tralee, ; Tralee, Ireland
[11
]GRID grid.28046.38, ISNI 0000 0001 2182 2255, Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, , Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario
Research Group, ; Ontario, Canada
[12
]GRID grid.5214.2, ISNI 0000 0001 0669 8188, School of Health and Life Sciences, , Institute for Applied Health Research, Glasgow Caledonian University, ; Glasgow, UK
[13
]GRID grid.5288.7, ISNI 0000 0000 9758 5690, Departments of Medicine, and Medical Informatics & Clinical Epidemiology, , Oregon Health & Science University, ; Portland, Oregon USA
[14
]GRID grid.5335.0, ISNI 0000000121885934, MRC Epidemiology Unit, , School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, ; Cambridge, UK
[15
]GRID grid.1051.5, ISNI 0000 0000 9760 5620, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, ; Melbourne, VIC 3004 Australia
[16
]Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester,
UK
[17
]GRID grid.412285.8, ISNI 0000 0000 8567 2092, Department of Chronic Disease and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, , Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Science, ; Oslo, Norway
[18
]GRID grid.5379.8, ISNI 0000000121662407, Division of Psychology and Mental Health, , University of Manchester, ; Manchester, UK
[19
]GRID grid.1029.a, ISNI 0000 0000 9939 5719, NICM Health Research Institute, , Western Sydney University, ; Sydney, Australia
[20
]GRID grid.413574.0, ISNI 0000 0001 0693 8815, Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, , Cancer Control Alberta, Alberta Health Services, ; Calgary, Canada
[21
]GRID grid.4777.3, ISNI 0000 0004 0374 7521, Centre for Public Health, , Queen’s University Belfast, ; Belfast, UK
[22
]GRID grid.415727.2, Department of Non-Communicable Diseases, , Ministry of Health, ; Nairobi, Kenya
[23
]GRID grid.5337.2, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 7603, Centre for Exercise Nutrition and Health Sciences, , School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, ; Bristol, UK
[24
]GRID grid.250514.7, ISNI 0000 0001 2159 6024, Population and Public Health Sciences, , Pennington Biomedical Research Center, ; Baton Rouge, LA USA
[25
]GRID grid.7836.a, ISNI 0000 0004 1937 1151, Research Centre for Health through Physical Acivity, Lifestyle and Sport, Division
of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, , Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, ; Cape Town, South Africa
[26
]GRID grid.7727.5, ISNI 0000 0001 2190 5763, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, , University of Regensburg, ; Regensburg, Germany
[27
]GRID grid.8273.e, ISNI 0000 0001 1092 7967, Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, , University of East Anglia, ; Norwich, UK
[28
]GRID grid.8065.b, ISNI 0000000121828067, PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity) research group, Department
of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, , Research Institute of Sport and Health, University of Granada, Spain 26. Sports and
Exercise Medicine Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, ; Colombo, Sri Lanka
[29
]GRID grid.1013.3, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 834X, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, , School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, ; Sydney, Australia
[30
]GRID grid.1013.3, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 834X, Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, , The University of Sydney, and Sydney Local Health District, ; Sydney, Australia
[31
]GRID grid.48336.3a, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8075, Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, , National Cancer Institute, ; Bethesda, USA
[32
]Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute,
Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
[33
]GRID grid.1013.3, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 834X, Sydney School of Public Health, , The University of Sydney, ; Sydney, Australia
License:
Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License,
which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium
or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the
source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were
made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the
article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to
the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence
and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted
use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view
a copy of this licence, visit
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a
credit line to the data.