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      Mutações no gene TP53 em tumores malignos de mama: associação com fatores de risco e características clínico-patológicas, inclusive risco de óbito, em pacientes residentes no Rio de Janeiro Translated title: TP53 mutation in malignant breast tumors: association with risk factors and clinical-pathological characteristics, including risk of death, in patients from Rio de Janeiro

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          Abstract

          No Brasil, o câncer de mama é a primeira causa de óbito por câncer entre mulheres, sendo o Rio de Janeiro o Estado que apresenta o maior coeficiente de mortalidade do país. Estudos que avaliam a sobrevida por câncer de mama têm indicado que vários fatores de ordem genética e molecular podem influenciar a evolução dos casos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever mutações no gene TP53 em 120 pacientes com diagnóstico de carcinoma invasivo de mama, recrutadas no Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, entre 1995 a 1997, e analisar as possíveis associações entre fatores de risco e presença de mutação e entre características do tumor, incluindo estas mutações e o risco de óbito. A análise molecular detectou 24 mutações no gene TP53 em 22 casos (18,3%), sendo que 2 casos apresentaram 2 mutações cada e, em um caso observamos o polimorfismo no éxon 6. As mutações encontradas eram: 14 com troca de sentido; 2 sem sentido; 2 silenciosas; 2 deleções; 1 inserção e 3 localizadas em íntron. Em relação aos fatores de risco estudados em associação à presença de mutação, observou-se que apenas o consumo de tabaco mostrou associação negativa (OR ajustado= 0,24 (0,06-0,88)). A análise multivariada utilizada para avaliar as características tumorais associadas ao risco de óbito mostrou que apenas a agressividade do tumor apresentou OR indicativo de risco (3,98, IC 95% 1,25-12,72). Estes resultados corroboram outros estudos que mostram que a mutação no gene TP53 pode ser um indicador de tumores de mama biologicamente mais agressivos, apesar de não ser o único parâmetro a ser considerado.

          Translated abstract

          Breast cancer is the leading cause of death due to cancer among women in Brazil and, the State of Rio de Janeiro presents the highest mortality coefficient of this disease in the country. Studies have shown that many genetic and molecular factors may be related to the outcome of cases. The aim of this study was to describe the frequency and types of mutations in the tumor suppressor gene TP53 in 120 patients with diagnosis of invasive breast carcinoma recruited from the Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro from1995 to 1997, and to analyze the associations between these mutations and risk factors, and tumor characteristics, including the presence of TP53 mutations, and risk of death. The molecular analysis detected TP53 alterations in 22 cases (18.3%), of which 2 cases presented 2 mutations each; a polymorphism in exon 6 was observed in 1 case. The mutations found were: 14 missense, 2 nonsense, 2 silent, 2 deletions, 1 insertion and 3 located in introns which probably did not change the protein. The analysis of risk factors in relation to TP53 mutations showed that only tobacco consumption had an association (adjusted OR = 0.24 (0.06-0.88)). Multivariate analysis showed that only tumor aggressiveness showed an OR indicative of risk (3.98, IC 95% 1.25-12.72).These results are in agreement with previous studies, which report that the presence of TP53 mutations may indicate more aggressive breast tumors biologically although this is not the only parameter to be considered.

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          Most cited references25

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          Molecular Cloning : A Laboratory Manual

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            pathological prognostic factors in breast cancer. I. The value of histological grade in breast cancer: experience from a large study with long-term follow-up

            Morphological assessment of the degree of differentiation has been shown in numerous studies to provide useful prognostic information in breast cancer, but until recently histological grading has not been accepted as a routine procedure, mainly because of perceived problems with reproducibility and consistency. In the Nottingham/Tenovus Primary Breast Cancer Study the most commonly used method, described by Bloom & Richardson, has been modified in order to make the criteria more objective. The revised technique involves semiquantitative evaluation of three morphological features--the percentage of tubule formation, the degree of nuclear pleomorphism and an accurate mitotic count using a defined field area. A numerical scoring system is used and the overall grade is derived from a summation of individual scores for the three variables: three grades of differentiation are used. Since 1973, over 2200 patients with primary operable breast cancer have been entered into a study of multiple prognostic factors. Histological grade, assessed in 1831 patients, shows a very strong correlation with prognosis; patients with grade I tumours have a significantly better survival than those with grade II and III tumours (P less than 0.0001). These results demonstrate that this method for histological grading provides important prognostic information and, if the grading protocol is followed consistently, reproducible results can be obtained. Histological grade forms part of the multifactorial Nottingham prognostic index, together with tumour size and lymph node stage, which is used to stratify individual patients for appropriate therapy.
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              Tumor suppressor p53 is a regulator of bcl-2 and bax gene expression in vitro and in vivo.

              The p53 tumor suppressor gene product can induce apoptotic cell death through an unknown mechanism. Here we demonstrate that a temperature-sensitive p53 induces temperature-dependent decreases in the expression of the apoptosis-suppressing gene bcl-2 in the murine leukemia cell M1, while simultaneously stimulating increases in the expression of bax, a gene which encodes a dominant-inhibitor of the Bcl-2 protein. Mice deficient in p53 exhibit increases in Bcl-2 and decreases in Bax protein levels in several tissues as determined by immunohistochemical and immunoblot methods. The findings suggest a potential mechanism by which p53 regulates apoptosis, as well as responses to radiation and chemotherapeutic drugs in cancer.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rbepid
                Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia
                Rev. bras. epidemiol.
                Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                1415-790X
                1980-5497
                June 2004
                : 7
                : 2
                : 167-175
                Affiliations
                [01] Rio de Janeiro RJ orgnameUniversidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro orgdiv1Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes orgdiv2Departamento de Bioquímica cgallo@ 123456uerj.br
                [02] orgnameUniversidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro orgdiv1Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes orgdiv2Departamento de Bioquímica
                [03] RJ orgnameFundação Oswaldo Cruz orgdiv1Instituto de Pesquisa Evandro Chagas
                Article
                S1415-790X2004000200006 S1415-790X(04)00700206
                10.1590/S1415-790X2004000200006
                2feb9194-c743-4f82-9285-b7b4637166f3

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 13 May 2004
                : 03 November 2003
                : 30 April 2003
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 24, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI: Texto completo somente em PDF (PT)

                Tumor characteristics,Gene TP53,Câncer de mama,Fatores de risco,Características tumorais,Breast cancer,Risk factors

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