Indicadores bioquímicos para la selección temprana de genotipos de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) con tolerancia a la salinidad  <span class="so-article-trans-title" dir="auto"> Translated title: Biochemical indicators for the early selection of genotypes of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to salt tolerance </span>

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Abstract

El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo identificar indicadores bioquímicos relacionados con la tolerancia a la salinidad en estadios tempranos de desarrollo de genotipos de arroz (Oryza sativa L.). Se analizaron muestras foliares de dos variedades con diferente grado de tolerancia a la salinidad (Pokkali y Amistad-82), cultivadas en condiciones semicontroladas, utilizando soluciones nutritivas simuladoras del estrés salino por la adición de NaCl hasta obtener conductividades eléctricas (CE) de 8 y 12 dS.m-1. A los 35 días después de la siembra, se evaluó la actividad de la enzima peroxidasa, los contenidos de proteínas totales y prolina así como la peroxidación de lípidos. Los resultados evidencian un comportamiento diferencial de las variedades en cuanto a su grado de tolerancia a la salinidad en la CE de 12 dS.m-1 lo cual permite usar algunas de las variables evaluadas, para la discriminación de genotipos de arroz tolerantes a condiciones de salinidad.

Translated abstract

The present study aimed to perform biochemical studies to search possible indicators for differentiation in the early development stages of rice varieties, in relation to their degree of tolerance to saline stress. Leaf samples of two varieties with different degrees of tolerance to salinity (Pokkali and Amistad-82) and grew up in greenhouses growing in nutrient solutions simulating the salt stress (8 and 12 dS.m-1), were analyzed. At 35 days after planting, it was assessed the activity of the enzyme peroxidase, total protein content, proline and lipid peroxidation. The results showed a differential behavior of the varieties in their degree of tolerance when using the EC 12 dS.m-1 which allows using the activity of the enzyme peroxidase, proline concentration and lipid peroxidation in the discrimination of rice genotypes tolerant to salinity.

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Responses of photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence and ROS-scavenging systems to salt stress during seedling and reproductive stages in rice.

Foad Moradi, Abdelbagi M. Ismail (2007)

Salinity is a widespread soil problem limiting productivity of cereal crops worldwide. Rice is particularly sensitive to salt stress during the seedling stage, with consequent poor crop establishment, as well as during reproduction where salinity can severely disrupt grain formation and yield. Tolerance at the seedling stage is weakly associated with tolerance during reproduction. Physiological responses to salinity were evaluated for contrasting genotypes, during the seedling and reproductive stages. Three rice genotypes differing in their tolerance of salinity were evaluated in a set of greenhouse experiments under salt stress during both seedling stage and reproduction. Photosynthetic CO2 fixation, stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration decreased substantially because of salt stress, but with greater reduction in the sensitive cultivar IR29. The tolerant lines IR651 and IR632 had more responsive stomata that tended to close faster during the first few hours of stress, followed by partial recovery after a brief period of acclimation. However, in the sensitive line, gs continued to decrease for longer duration and with no recovery afterward. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements revealed that non-photochemical quenching increased, whereas the electron transport rate decreased under salt stress. Salt-tolerant cultivars exhibited much lower lipid peroxidation, maintained elevated levels of reduced ascorbic acid and showed increased activities of the enzymes involved in the reactive oxygen scavenging system during both developmental stages. Upregulation of the anti-oxidant system appears to play a role in salt tolerance of rice, with tolerant genotypes also maintaining relatively higher photosynthetic function; during both the vegetative and reproductive stages.