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      Anthropometric indices: predictors of dyslipidemia in children and adolescents from north of Brazil Translated title: Los índices antropométricos: predictores de la dislipidemia en niños y adolescentes del norte de Brasil

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          Abstract

          Introduction: Atherosclerosis represents a disease that begins in childhood, and alterations in lipid concentration play a fundamental role in the development of this condition. Objective: To evaluate which of the currently applied obesity parameters (the body index mass, the percentage of body fat, the waist circumference and the upper arm fat area) can predict the risk for dyslipidemia in Brazilian children and adolescents. Methods: Cross-sectional study, standardized anthropometric data and lipid profile were collected from 874 subjects between the ages of 6 and 19 years. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the degree of association between the anthropometric measurements and the lipid profile, controlling for potentially confounding variables, such as age and gender. Results: Individuals with excess body weight, elevated percentage of body fat, waist circumference and upper arm fat above the 90th percentile showed a positive correlation with alterations in the lipid profile. After adjusting for age and income, a body mass index above the 85th percentile and an elevated percentage of body fat were the variables most strongly associated with dyslipidemia in the youngest subjects (odds ratio (OR) = 2.00, p < 0.001 and OR = 1.47, p = 0.014, respectively). Children (64.5%) and adolescents aged 10-12 years (51.0%) had the highest rates of dyslipidemia. Conclusion: Compared with other variables, such as the percentage of body fat, the body mass index was the best predictor of dyslipidemia in children and adolescents.

          Translated abstract

          Introducción: La aterosclerosis representa una enfermedad que comienza en la infancia y alteraciones en la concentración de lípidos juegan un papel fundamental en el desarrollo de esta condición. Objetivo: Evaluar cuáles de los parámetros de la obesidad que se aplican actualmente (el índice de masa corporal, el porcentaje de grasa corporal, la circunferencia de la cintura y el área grasa del brazo superior) puede predecir el riesgo de dislipidemia en niños y adolescentes brasileños. Métodos: Estudio transversal, estandarizado de datos antropométricos y perfil lipídico fueron recogidos de 874 pacientes entre las edades de 6 y 19 años. Modelos de regresión logística se utilizaron para evaluar el grado de asociación entre las medidas antropométricas y el perfil lipídico, controlando por variables de confusión potenciales, como la edad y el género. Resultados: Los individuos con exceso de peso corporal, el elevado porcentaje de grasa corporal, circunferencia de la cintura y la grasa del brazo por encima del percentil 90 mostró una correlación positiva con alteraciones en el perfil lipídico. Tras ajustar por edad e ingresos, un índice de masa corporal por encima del percentil 85 y un elevado porcentaje de grasa corporal fueron las variables más fuertemente asociadas con la dislipidemia en los sujetos más pequeños (odds-ratio (OR) = 2,00, p < 0,001 y OR = 1,47, p = 0,014, respectivamente). Los niños (64,5%) y adolescentes de 10-12 años (51,0%) tenían las tasas más altas de la dislipidemia. Conclusión: En comparación con otras variables, tales como el porcentaje de grasa corporal, el índice de masa corporal fue el mejor predictor de la dislipidemia en niños y adolescentes.

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          Most cited references59

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          Lipid screening and cardiovascular health in childhood.

          This clinical report replaces the 1998 policy statement from the American Academy of Pediatrics on cholesterol in childhood, which has been retired. This report has taken on new urgency given the current epidemic of childhood obesity with the subsequent increasing risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease in older children and adults. The approach to screening children and adolescents with a fasting lipid profile remains a targeted approach. Overweight children belong to a special risk category of children and are in need of cholesterol screening regardless of family history or other risk factors. This report reemphasizes the need for prevention of cardiovascular disease by following Dietary Guidelines for Americans and increasing physical activity and also includes a review of the pharmacologic agents and indications for treating dyslipidemia in children.
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            Anthropometric standards for the assessment of growth and nutritional status

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              Carotid intimal-medial thickness is related to cardiovascular risk factors measured from childhood through middle age: The Muscatine Study.

              Higher carotid intimal-medial thickness (IMT) is associated with cardiovascular risk factors and is predictive of coronary artery disease and stroke in older adults. Carotid IMT was measured in young and middle-aged adults to determine its relationship with risk factors measured (1) in childhood, (2) currently, and (3) as a "load" from childhood to adulthood. Carotid ultrasound studies were performed in 346 men and 379 women aged 33 to 42 years who were representative of a cohort followed since childhood and who live in Muscatine, Iowa. The mean of the measurements of maximal carotid IMT at 12 locations was determined for each subject. A medical questionnaire was completed, and measurements of anthropometric characteristics and risk factors were obtained. The mean maximum carotid IMT was 0.79+/-0.12 mm for men and 0.72+/-0.10 mm for women. On the basis of multivariable analysis, the significant current predictors of IMT were age and LDL cholesterol in both sexes and diastolic blood pressure in women. Total cholesterol was a significant childhood predictor in both sexes, while childhood body mass index was significant only in women. For men, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and diastolic blood pressure were predictive of carotid IMT in a risk factor load model, whereas in women, LDL cholesterol, body mass index, and triglycerides were predictive. Higher carotid IMT in young and middle-aged adults is associated with childhood and current cardiovascular risk factors, as well as risk factor load.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                nh
                Nutrición Hospitalaria
                Nutr. Hosp.
                Grupo Arán (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0212-1611
                1699-5198
                August 2012
                : 27
                : 4
                : 1228-1235
                Affiliations
                [01] Rio de Janeiro orgnameRio de Janeiro State University orgdiv1Nutrition Division Brazil
                [02] Belém orgnameFederal University of Pará orgdiv1Institute of Biological Sciences orgdiv2Laboratory of inborn errors of metabolism Brazil
                Article
                S0212-16112012000400038
                10.3305/nh.2012.27.4.5798
                23165566
                31f398aa-407b-4dbd-affa-608f123c3bb4

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 13 February 2012
                : 02 March 2012
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 34, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Spain


                Dislipidemia,Obesidad,Distribución de la grasa,Niños,Adolescentes,Dyslipidemia,Obesity,Fat distribution,Children,Adolescents

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