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      Correction: A Risk Function for Behavioral Disruption of Blainville’s Beaked Whales ( Mesoplodon densirostris) from Mid-Frequency Active Sonar

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      Author(s): The PLOS ONE Staff
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: PLoS ONE
      Publisher: Public Library of Science

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          Abstract

          There is an error in Equation 4. Please see the corrected Equation 4 here. (4) There is an error in the legend for Figure 2. Please see the complete, corrected Figure 2 here. 10.1371/journal.pone.0085064.g002 Figure 2 The probability of disturbance (Drms) as a function of sonar RLrms . The GAM fit to the recorded data is shown in red with the bootstrap mean shown by the green with the point-wise 95% confidence limits indicated by dotted lines from the bootstrap. The parametric GLM approximation is shown in black. There is a.5 probability of disturbance at a RLrms of 149.5 dB; this is indicated in blue.

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          A Risk Function for Behavioral Disruption of Blainville’s Beaked Whales (Mesoplodon densirostris) from Mid-Frequency Active Sonar

          David Moretti, Len Thomas, Tiago Reis Marques … (2014)
          There is increasing concern about the potential effects of noise pollution on marine life in the world’s oceans. For marine mammals, anthropogenic sounds may cause behavioral disruption, and this can be quantified using a risk function that relates sound exposure to a measured behavioral response. Beaked whales are a taxon of deep diving whales that may be particularly susceptible to naval sonar as the species has been associated with sonar-related mass stranding events. Here we derive the first empirical risk function for Blainville’s beaked whales (Mesoplodon densirostris) by combining in situ data from passive acoustic monitoring of animal vocalizations and navy sonar operations with precise ship tracks and sound field modeling. The hydrophone array at the Atlantic Undersea Test and Evaluation Center, Bahamas, was used to locate vocalizing groups of Blainville’s beaked whales and identify sonar transmissions before, during, and after Mid-Frequency Active (MFA) sonar operations. Sonar transmission times and source levels were combined with ship tracks using a sound propagation model to estimate the received level (RL) at each hydrophone. A generalized additive model was fitted to data to model the presence or absence of the start of foraging dives in 30-minute periods as a function of the corresponding sonar RL at the hydrophone closest to the center of each group. This model was then used to construct a risk function that can be used to estimate the probability of a behavioral change (cessation of foraging) the individual members of a Blainville’s beaked whale population might experience as a function of sonar RL. The function predicts a 0.5 probability of disturbance at a RL of 150dBrms re µPa (CI: 144 to 155) This is 15dB lower than the level used historically by the US Navy in their risk assessments but 10 dB higher than the current 140 dB step-function.
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            Journal
            Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
            Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS ONE
            Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
            Journal ID (pmc): plosone
            Title: PLoS ONE
            Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, USA )
            ISSN (Electronic): 1932-6203
            Publication date Collection: 2014
            Publication date (Electronic): 22 December 2014
            Volume: 9
            Issue: 12
            Electronic Location Identifier: e116555
            Article
            Publisher ID: PONE-D-14-55677
            DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116555
            PMC ID: 4274117
            PubMed ID: 25531646
            SO-VID: 32a10da7-4012-4ff2-8fc9-f2bed208a397
            Copyright statement: Copyright @ 2014
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            This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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            A Risk Function for Behavioral Disruption of Blainville??s Beaked Whales (Mesoplodon densirostris) from Mid-Frequency Active Sonar
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            Subject: Correction

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