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      Biorreguladores y bioestimulantes en el desarrollo, crecimiento y rendimiento de fruto de arándano Biloxi Translated title: Bioregulators and biostimulants on development, growth and fruit yield of blueberry cv. Biloxi

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          Abstract

          Resumen En México, el arándano azul cv. Biloxi ha tenido éxito en zonas tropicales y subtropicales por su bajo requerimiento de frío; sin embargo, estas condiciones pueden limitar la iniciación de botones florales de forma organizada, por lo que se debe mejorar y concentrar la brotación de yemas reproductivas para aumentar rendimiento. Se realizó un experimento con la aplicación foliar de biorreguladores y bioestimulantes en plantas de arándano cv. Biloxi en condiciones de invernadero, con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto en la brotación de yemas axilares, crecimiento y rendimiento, en espera de un impacto positivo en dichas variables, ya que estos compuestos modifican o estimulan procesos de desarrollo dentro de la planta. Se aplicaron cinco tratamientos con biorreguladores (tidiazurón, ácido giberélico y ácido glutámico) y bioestimulantes (extracto de alga marina Ascophyllum nodosum). El tratamiento con TDZ (25 mg L-1) + AG3 (12.5 mg L-1) + GLU (75 mg L-1) aumentó un 46% la brotación de yemas, 28% el rendimiento de fruto, 13% el calibre de fruto y 24% el peso individual del fruto, lo cual mostró el efecto de los reguladores de crecimiento tipo citocinínico y giberélico en el crecimiento celular. Los tratamientos con extractos de alga Ascophyllum nodosum (2 mL L-1) promovieron la elongación de los brotes en las plantas de arándano, así como la emisión de nuevas cañas. Los biorreguladores coadyuvaron a lograr mayor rendimiento, mientras que la aplicación de bioestimulantes no logró aumentar rendimientos; sin embargo, el bioestimulante tuvo efectos positivos en la emisión de cañas, aspecto importante a considerar en los ciclos subsecuentes de producción.

          Translated abstract

          Summary In Mexico, blueberry cv. Biloxi has been successfully adapted to tropical and subtropical zones due to its low-chill requirement; however, these conditions might limit the initiation of flower buds in an organized manner, so the sprouting of reproductive buds must be improved and concentrated to increase yield. An experiment was carried out with foliar application of bioregulators and biostimulants in blueberry plants cv. Biloxi under greenhouse conditions, in order to evaluate their effect on the sprouting of axillary buds, growth and yield, expecting a positive impact on such traits, since these compounds modify or stimulate development processes within the plant. Five treatments were applied using bioregulators (thidiazuron, gibberellic acid and glutamic acid) and biostimulants (Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed extract). Treatment with TDZ (25 mg L-1) + AG3 (12.5 mg L-1) + GLU (75 mg L-1) increased the sprouting of buds by 46%, plant yield by 28%, fruit size by 13% and individual fruit weight by 24%, showing the effect of cytokinin and gibberellin on cell growth. Treatments with Ascophyllum nodosum algae extracts (2 mL L-1) promoted the elongation of shoots in blueberry plants, as well as the emission of new canes. Bioregulators helped to achieve higher yield, while the application of biostimulants failed to increase yield; however, biostimulant had positive effects on cane emission, an important aspect to consider in subsequent production cycles.

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          Most cited references47

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          Plant biostimulants: Definition, concept, main categories and regulation

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            Seaweed Extracts as Biostimulants of Plant Growth and Development

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              Auxin, cytokinin and the control of shoot branching.

              It has been known for many decades that auxin inhibits the activation of axillary buds, and hence shoot branching, while cytokinin has the opposite effect. However, the modes of action of these two hormones in branching control is still a matter of debate, and their mechanisms of interaction are equally unresolved. Here we review the evidence for various hypotheses that have been put forward to explain how auxin and cytokinin influence axillary bud activity. In particular we discuss the roles of auxin and cytokinin in regulating each other's synthesis, the cell cycle, meristem function and auxin transport, each of which could affect branching. These different mechanisms have implications for the main site of hormone action, ranging from systemic action throughout the plant, to local action at the node or in the bud meristem or leaves. The alternative models have specific predictions, and our increasing understanding of the molecular basis for hormone transport and signalling, cell cycle control and meristem biology is providing new tools to enable these predictions to be tested.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rfm
                Revista fitotecnia mexicana
                Rev. fitotec. mex
                Sociedad Mexicana de Fitogenética A.C. (Chapingo, Estado de México, Mexico )
                0187-7380
                December 2023
                : 46
                : 4
                : 383-388
                Affiliations
                [1] Texcoco orgnameColegio de Postgraduados orgdiv1Postgrado en Recursos Genéticos y Productividad-Fruticultura Mexico
                Article
                S0187-73802023000400383 S0187-7380(23)04600400383
                10.35196/rfm.2023.4.383
                32c09eb4-92a2-45a7-9bb9-6007b3c4da6e

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 14 February 2023
                : 14 November 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 48, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Artículos científicos

                production,exogenous hormones,bioactive substances,Vaccinium ssp.,sustancias bioactivas,producción,hormonas exógenas

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