Prevalence of  Mycoplasma haemofelis , ‘ Candidatus  Mycoplasma haemominutum’,  Bartonella  species,  Ehrlichia  species, and  Anaplasma phagocytophilum  DNA in the blood of cats with anemia

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Abstract

Hemoplasmas are known causes of anemia in some cats and some Bartonella species have been associated with anemia in people and in dogs. In this retrospective study, we used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays to determine the prevalence rates of Mycoplasma haemofelis, ‘ Candidatus M haemominutum’, A phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia species, and Bartonella species DNA in the blood of cats with anemia and a control group of healthy cats. DNA of the organisms was amplified from 22 of 89 cats with anemia (24.7%) and 20 of 87 healthy cats (23.0%). DNA of a hemoplasma was amplified from 18 of 89 cats with anemia (20.2%) and 13 of 87 healthy cats (14.9%); DNA of a Bartonella species was amplified from five of 89 cats with anemia (5.6%) and seven of 87 healthy cats (8.0%). There were no statistically significant differences detected between groups.

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Prevalence, risk factor analysis, and follow-up of infections caused by three feline hemoplasma species in cats in Switzerland.

Claudia E Reusch, Barbara Willi, B Wenger-Riggenbach … (2006)

Recently, a third novel feline hemotropic Mycoplasma sp. (aka hemoplasma), "Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis," in a cat with hemolytic anemia has been described. This is the first study to investigate the prevalence, clinical manifestations, and risk factors for all three feline hemoplasma infections in a sample of 713 healthy and ill Swiss cats using newly designed quantitative real-time PCR assays. "Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum" infection was detected in 7.0% and 8.7% and Mycoplasma haemofelis was detected in 2.3% and 0.2% of healthy and ill cats, respectively. "Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis" was only detected in six ill cats (1.1%); three of them were coinfected with "Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum." The 16S rRNA gene sequence of 12 Swiss hemoplasma isolates revealed >98% similarity with previously published sequences. Hemoplasma infection was associated with male gender, outdoor access, and old age but not with retrovirus infection and was more frequent in certain areas of Switzerland. "Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum"-infected ill cats were more frequently diagnosed with renal insufficiency and exhibited higher renal blood parameters than uninfected ill cats. No correlation between hemoplasma load and packed cell volume was found, although several hemoplasma-infected cats, some coinfected with feline immunodeficiency virus or feline leukemia virus, showed hemolytic anemia. High M. haemofelis loads (>9 x 10(5) copies/ml blood) seem to lead to anemia in acutely infected cats but not in recovered long-term carriers. A repeated evaluation of 17 cats documented that the infection was acquired in one case by blood transfusion and that there were important differences among species regarding whether or not antibiotic administration led to the resolution of bacteremia.

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Cat scratch disease in the United States: an analysis of three national databases.

L. Jackson, B. A. Perkins, J D Wenger (1993)

Current knowledge of the epidemiology of cat scratch disease is based primarily on information from case series. We used three national databases to obtain more representative data to determine the incidence and demographics of cat scratch disease. Records coded with the diagnosis of cat scratch disease from two hospital discharge databases and an ambulatory care database were analyzed. Costs of diagnostic tests and hospitalization were obtained from a sample of providers and published data. The incidence of patients discharged from hospitals with a diagnosis of cat scratch disease was between 0.77 and 0.86 per 100,000 population per year. Fifty-five percent of the case patients were 18 years of age or younger. Males accounted for 60% of cases. Incidence varied by season; approximately 60% of case patients were discharged in the months September through January. The estimated incidence of disease in ambulatory patients was 9.3 per 100,000 population per year. On the basis of these rates, we estimated the annual health care cost of the disease to be more than $12 million. The rates and seasonality of cat scratch disease found in this study were consistent with previous reports. Adults represented a higher percentage of the total than reported in previous case series, suggesting that the disease may affect more adults than previously recognized.

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Novel chemically modified liquid medium that will support the growth of seven bartonella species.

G. Maggi, W. Colin Duncan, Edward B. Breitschwerdt (2005)

Bacteria of the genus Bartonella, a member of the Alphaproteobacteria, are fastidious, gram-negative, aerobic bacilli that comprise numerous species, subspecies, and subtypes. In human and veterinary medicine, species isolation remains a vital component of the diagnostic and therapeutic management of Bartonella infection. We describe a novel, chemically modified, insect-based liquid culture medium that supports the growth of at least seven Bartonella species. This medium will also support cocultures consisting of different Bartonella species, and it facilitated the primary isolation of Bartonella henselae from blood and aqueous fluid of naturally infected cats. This liquid growth medium may provide an advantage over conventional direct blood agar plating for the diagnostic confirmation of bartonellosis.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Anthony M. Ishak

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Feline Med Surg

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J. Feline Med. Surg

Title: Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

Publisher: ESFM and AAFP. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

ISSN (Print): 1098-612X

ISSN (Electronic): 1532-2750

Publication date PMC-release: 17 July 2006

Publication date (Print): February 2007

Publication date (Electronic): 17 July 2006

Volume: 9

Issue: 1

Pages: 1-7

Affiliations

Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA

Author notes

[∗ ]Corresponding author. Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80525, USA. amishak@ 123456colostate.edu

[a]

Dr Radecki is a statistical consultant in Fort Collins, CO, USA.

Article

Publisher ID: S1098-612X(06)00070-2

DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2006.05.003

PMC ID: 7172235

PubMed ID: 16846745

SO-VID: 32de92df-e686-4156-b88f-4279bcc338a4

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Prevalence of Mycoplasma haemofelis, ‘ Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum’, Bartonella species, Ehrlichia species, and Anaplasma phagocytophilum DNA in the blood of cats with anemia

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Abstract

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Karger: Oncology

Most cited references 32

Prevalence, risk factor analysis, and follow-up of infections caused by three feline hemoplasma species in cats in Switzerland.

Cat scratch disease in the United States: an analysis of three national databases.

Novel chemically modified liquid medium that will support the growth of seven bartonella species.

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