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      Two haplotypes of Capsella bursa-pastoris (Brassicaceae) in Continental Chile support multiple introduction Translated title: Dos haplotipos de Capsella bursa-pastoris en Chile continental soportan múltiple introducción

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          Abstract

          Shepherd’s purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris; Brassicaceae) is a global weed. In Chile, this species was introduced early during Spanish colonization, however, previous studies based on allozymes and RAPD fragments, show that populations in southernmost Chile could be related to England populations. Here, we analyze the geographical variation of three sequences of cpSSR in 286 individuals of C. bursa-pastoris (ATCP46615, ATCP66701 and ATCP31017). We collected plants from 14 populations distributed over a wide latitudinal gradient in continental Chile. Only one of the markers showed variation (ATCP31017), evidencing the presence of two haplotypes along the territory. The geographic distribution of these haplotypes support previous studies based on allozymes and RAPD fragments, suggesting that C. bursa-pastoris in continental Chile was introduced at least twice.

          Translated abstract

          La bolsita de pastor (Capsella bursa-pastoris, Brassicaceae) es una maleza de distribución global. En Chile, esta especie fue introducida tempranamente durante la colonización española, sin embargo, estudios previos basados en aloenzimas y fragmentos RAPD indican que las poblaciones del extremo sur de Chile estarían emparentadas con poblaciones provenientes de Inglaterra. En el presente estudio se analizó la variación geográfica de tres secuencias de cpSSR pertenecientes a 286 individuos de C. bursa-pastoris (ATCP46615, ATCP66701 y ATCP31017). Se recolectaron plantas de 14 poblaciones distribuidas en un amplio gradiente latitudinal en Chile continental. Sólo uno de los marcadores mostró variación (ATCP31017), lo que muestra la presencia de dos haplotipos de C. bursa-pastoris en el territorio. La distribución geográfica de estos haplotipos apoya la hipótesis que plantea que C. bursa-pastoris en Chile continental fue introducida al menos en dos oportunidades.

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          Cryptic invasion by a non-native genotype of the common reed, Phragmites australis, into North America.

          Cryptic invasions are a largely unrecognized type of biological invasion that lead to underestimation of the total numbers and impacts of invaders because of the difficulty in detecting them. The distribution and abundance of Phragmites australis in North America has increased dramatically over the past 150 years. This research tests the hypothesis that a non-native strain of Phragmites is responsible for the observed spread. Two noncoding chloroplast DNA regions were sequenced for samples collected worldwide, throughout the range of Phragmites. Modern North American populations were compared with historical ones from herbarium collections. Results indicate that an introduction has occurred, and the introduced type has displaced native types as well as expanded to regions previously not known to have Phragmites. Native types apparently have disappeared from New England and, while still present, may be threatened in other parts of North America.
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            A modified protocol for rapid DNA isolation from plant tissues using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide.

            We describe a modification of the DNA extraction method, in which cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) is used to extract nucleic acids from plant tissues. In contrast to the original method, the modified CTAB procedure is faster, omits the selective precipitation and CsCl gradient steps, uses less expensive and toxic reagents, requires only inexpensive laboratory equipment and is more readily adapted to high-throughput DNA extraction. This protocol yields approximately 5-30 microg of total DNA from 200 mg of tissue fresh weight, depending on plant species and tissue source. It can be completed in as little as 5-6 h.
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              Chloroplast microsatellites: new tools for studies in plant ecology and evolution.

              The nonrecombinant, uniparentally inherited nature of organelle genomes makes them useful tools for evolutionary studies. However, in plants, detecting useful polymorphism at the population level is often difficult because of the low level of substitutions in the chloroplast genome, and because of the slow substitution rates and intramolecular recombination of mtDNA. Chloroplast microsatellites represent potentially useful markers to circumvent this problem and, to date, studies have demonstrated high levels of intraspecific variability. Here, we discuss the use of these markers in ecological and evolutionary studies of plants, as well as highlighting some of the potential problems associated with such use.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                gbot
                Gayana. Botánica
                Gayana Bot.
                Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción (Concepción, , Chile )
                0016-5301
                0717-6643
                December 2014
                : 71
                : 2
                : 216-221
                Affiliations
                [04] Santiago orgnameONG Entorno Chile
                [03] Santiago orgnameUniversidad Central de Chile orgdiv1Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Paisaje orgdiv2Centro de Estudios Arquitectónicos, Urbanísticos y del Paisaje Chile
                [01] Santiago orgnameUniversidad de Santiago de Chile orgdiv1Departamento de Biología orgdiv2Laboratorio de Ecología y Biodiversidad Vegetal Chile
                [02] Santiago orgnameCentro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y Nanotecnología Chile
                Article
                S0717-66432014000200004 S0717-6643(14)07100200004
                10.4067/S0717-66432014000200004
                3306a6de-9c44-481e-86a8-695750ff4315

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 11 September 2013
                : 17 June 2014
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 25, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                STANDARD ARTICLES

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