22
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Portal hypertensive response to kinin

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Portal hypertension is the most common complication of chronic liver diseases, such as cirrhosis. The increased intrahepatic vascular resistance seen in hepatic disease is due to changes in cellular architecture and active contraction of stellate cells. In this article, we review the historical aspects of the kallikrein-kinin system, the role of bradykinin in the development of disease, and our main findings regarding the role of this nonapeptide in normal and experimentalmodels of hepatic injury using the isolated rat liver perfusion model (mono and bivascular) and isolated liver cells. We demonstrated that: 1) the increase in intrahepatic vascular resistance induced by bradykinin is mediated by B2 receptors, involving sinusoidal endothelial and stellate cells, and is preserved in the presence of inflammation, fibrosis, and cirrhosis; 2) the hepatic arterial hypertensive response to bradykinin is calcium-independent and mediated by eicosanoids; 3) bradykinin does not have vasodilating effect on the pre-constricted perfused rat liver; and, 4) after exertion of its hypertensive effect, bradykinin is degraded by angiotensin converting enzyme. In conclusion, the hypertensive response to BK is mediated by the B2 receptor in normal and pathological situations. The B1 receptor is expressed more strongly in regenerating and cirrhotic livers, and its role is currently under investigation.

          Translated abstract

          Hipertensão portal é a complicação mais comum das doenças crônicas do fígado, tais como cirrose. A resistência intravascular aumentada observada na doença hepática é devida a alterações na arquitetura celular e contração ativa das células estreladas. Neste trabalho revisamos aspectos históricos do estudo do sistema calicreína-cinina e os resultados de nossos estudos do papel deste nonapeptídeo no controle do tono vascular intra-hepático em condições normais e modelos experimentais de agressão hepática usando a perfusão de fígado isolado de rato (mono e bivascular) e células hepáticas isoladas. Nós demonstramos que: 1) o aumento da resistência vascular intrahepática induzido pela bradicinina é mediado por receptores B2, envolve a participação de células endoteliais sinusoidais e células estreladas e não é alterada pela presença de inflamação, fibrose ou cirrose; 2) a resposta hipertensiva induzida pela bradicinina no sistema arterial hepático é cálcio-independente emediada por eicosanóides; 3) bradicinina não tem efeito dilatador na circulação intra-hepática; 4) após exercer efeito vasoconstritor intra-hepático, a bradicinina é degradada pela enzima conversora de angiotensina. Em conclusão, a resposta hipertensiva à bradicinina é mediada pelo receptor B2 em condições normais e patológicas. Receptor B1 é expresso mais fortemente nos fígados em regeneração e cirróticos e seu papel está sob investigação.

          Related collections

          Most cited references85

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          EDHF: bringing the concepts together

          Endothelial cells synthesize and release vasoactive mediators in response to various neurohumoural substances (e.g. bradykinin or acetylcholine) and physical stimuli (e.g. cyclic stretch or fluid shear stress). The best-characterized endothelium-derived relaxing factors are nitric oxide and prostacyclin. However, an additional relaxant pathway associated with smooth muscle hyperpolarization also exists. This hyperpolarization was originally attributed to the release of an endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) that diffuses to and activates smooth muscle K(+) channels. More recent evidence suggests that endothelial cell receptor activation by these neurohumoural substances opens endothelial cell K(+) channels. Several mechanisms have been proposed to link this pivotal step to the subsequent smooth muscle hyperpolarization. The main concepts are considered in detail in this review.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: not found
            • Article: not found

            A BRADYKININ-POTENTIATING FACTOR (BPF) PRESENT IN THE VENOM OF BOTHROPS JARARCA.

              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              The kallikrein-kinin system in humans.

              1. Kinin peptides are implicated in many physiological and pathological processes, including the regulation of blood pressure and sodium homeostasis, inflammation and the cardioprotective effects of preconditioning. In humans, the plasma and tissue kallikrein-kinin systems (KKS) generate bradykinin and kallidin peptides, respectively. 2. We established methodology for the measurement of bradykinin and kallidin peptides and their metabolites in order to study the function of the plasma and tissue KKS in humans. 3. Bradykinin peptides were more abundant than kallidin peptides in blood and cardiac atrial tissue, whereas kallidin peptides were predominant in urine. The levels of kinin peptides in tissue were higher than in blood, confirming the primary tissue localization of the KKS. 4. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition increased blood levels of bradykinin and kallidin peptides. 5. Blood levels of kallidin peptides were suppressed in patients with severe cardiac failure, indicating that the activity of the tissue KKS is suppressed in this condition. 6. Bradykinin peptide levels were increased in the urine of patients with interstitial cystitis, suggesting a role for these peptides in the pathogenesis and/or symptomatology of this condition. 7. Cardiopulmonary bypass, a model of activation of the contact system, activated both the plasma and tissue KKS. 8. Measurement of individual bradykinin and kallidin peptides and their metabolites gives important information about the operation of the plasma and tissue KKS and their role in physiology and disease states.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                aabc
                Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências
                An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.
                Academia Brasileira de Ciências (Rio de Janeiro )
                1678-2690
                September 2009
                : 81
                : 3
                : 431-442
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal de São Paulo Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal de São Paulo Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade Federal de São Paulo Brazil
                [4 ] Universidade Federal de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S0001-37652009000300008
                10.1590/S0001-37652009000300008
                3362753e-3172-45e1-a815-bc93ed807bd1

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0001-3765&lng=en
                Categories
                MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

                bradykinin,hepatic metabolism,portal hypertension,bradykinin receptors,bradicinina,metabolismo hepático,hipertensão porta,receptores de bradicinina

                Comments

                Comment on this article