Objectives and modern techniques in pea (Pisum sativum L.) breeding in Argentina: A review

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Abstract

Abstract Pea is considered an essential component of sustainable farming systems. The main objective of pea researchers in Argentina and worldwide is to improve yield components and composition of the seed to enhance nutritional characteristics. Breeding programs that use conventional and nonconventional techniques are a very important tool to develop new varieties that can be used more efficiently in production systems but also adapt to changing market needs.

Translated abstract

Resumen El cultivo de arveja o guisante se considera un componente esencial de los sistemas agrícolas sostenibles. El principal objetivo de los investigadores de arveja en Argentina y en todo el mundo es mejorar los componentes del rendimiento y la composición de la semilla para mejorar las características nutricionales. Los programas de mejoramiento genético que utilizan técnicas convencionales y no convencionales son una herramienta muy importante para desarrollar nuevas variedades que puedan ser utilizadas más eficientemente en los sistemas de producción pero que también se adapten a las necesidades cambiantes del mercado.

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Specificity in Legume-Rhizobia Symbioses

Mitchell Andrews, Morag Andrews (2017)

Most species in the Leguminosae (legume family) can fix atmospheric nitrogen (N2) via symbiotic bacteria (rhizobia) in root nodules. Here, the literature on legume-rhizobia symbioses in field soils was reviewed and genotypically characterised rhizobia related to the taxonomy of the legumes from which they were isolated. The Leguminosae was divided into three sub-families, the Caesalpinioideae, Mimosoideae and Papilionoideae. Bradyrhizobium spp. were the exclusive rhizobial symbionts of species in the Caesalpinioideae, but data are limited. Generally, a range of rhizobia genera nodulated legume species across the two Mimosoideae tribes Ingeae and Mimoseae, but Mimosa spp. show specificity towards Burkholderia in central and southern Brazil, Rhizobium/Ensifer in central Mexico and Cupriavidus in southern Uruguay. These specific symbioses are likely to be at least in part related to the relative occurrence of the potential symbionts in soils of the different regions. Generally, Papilionoideae species were promiscuous in relation to rhizobial symbionts, but specificity for rhizobial genus appears to hold at the tribe level for the Fabeae (Rhizobium), the genus level for Cytisus (Bradyrhizobium), Lupinus (Bradyrhizobium) and the New Zealand native Sophora spp. (Mesorhizobium) and species level for Cicer arietinum (Mesorhizobium), Listia bainesii (Methylobacterium) and Listia angolensis (Microvirga). Specificity for rhizobial species/symbiovar appears to hold for Galega officinalis (Neorhizobium galegeae sv. officinalis), Galega orientalis (Neorhizobium galegeae sv. orientalis), Hedysarum coronarium (Rhizobium sullae), Medicago laciniata (Ensifer meliloti sv. medicaginis), Medicago rigiduloides (Ensifer meliloti sv. rigiduloides) and Trifolium ambiguum (Rhizobium leguminosarum sv. trifolii). Lateral gene transfer of specific symbiosis genes within rhizobial genera is an important mechanism allowing legumes to form symbioses with rhizobia adapted to particular soils. Strain-specific legume rhizobia symbioses can develop in particular habitats.