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      Aerobe and anaerobe facultative Gram-negative bacteria rod-shaped in the ruminal fluid of dairy cattle fed with different diets containing tropical forages Translated title: Bastoncillos Gram-negativos aerobios o anaerobios facultativos en el líquido ruminal de ganado lechero alimentado con diferentes dietas de forrajes tropicales

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          Abstract

          The aim of this work was to analyse the population of aerobe and anaerobe facultative Gram-negative rod-shaped in the ruminal fluid of dairy cattle and calves fed with different sources of tropical forage. Samples of ruminal fluid were collected from 30 cows fed with sorghum silage, 32 cows fed with Brachiaria brizantha pasture, 12 calves fed with sorghum silage, and 11 calves fed with sugarcane. Fifteen ml of ruminal fluid were collected by sterile catheter and syringe puncture to the rumen. After serial decimal dilutions, samples were inoculated in plates containing MacConkey agar and incubated at 37 °C for 72 h. Calves fed with sorghum silage showed higher detection rate and larger population of these bacteria (8.4 X 10(6) colony forming units CFU/ml) when compared with adult cows fed with the same forage (1.4 X 10(5) CFU/ml). The most frequent genera identified in all groups were Enterobacter, Klebsiella, and Proteus. The most frequently identified bacteria in pasture-fed cows was Enterobacter spp., while Klebsiella spp. was the most frequently identified bacteria in cows fed with sorghum silage. Enterobacter spp. and Proteus spp. were more frequently observed in isolates from calves (P < 0.01). Future studies should clarify the differences between these populations.

          Translated abstract

          Las bacterias Enterobacteriaceae se encuentran naturalmente en los intestinos y ecosistema ruminal y están ampliamente distribuidas. El objetivo de este estudio fue cuantificar Enterobacteriaceae en el líquido ruminal de vacas lecheras y terneras alimentadas con diferentes dietas de forrajes tropicales. Se recolectaron muestras de fluido ruminal de 30 vacas alimentadas con ensilaje de sorgo y concentrado, 32 vacas alimentadas con Brachiaria brizantha, 12 terneras alimentadas con ensilaje de sorgo con concentrado y 11 terneras alimentadas con caña de azúcar. Se obtuvieron 15 ml de fluido ruminal de cada animal con la punción del rumen con catéteres y jeringas estériles, que después de diluciones decimales fueron inoculados en placas con agar MacConkey a 37 °C durante 72 h. Las terneras que recibían el sorgo ensilado tenía un mayor índice de detección y una mayor concentración en el rumen (8,4 x 10(6) unidades formadoras de colonias UFC / ml) en comparación con las vacas alimentadas con la misma dieta (1,4 x 10(5) UFC/ml). En las vacas evaluadas, Enterobacter spp. fue el género más frecuente para los animales criados en pastos, mientras Klebsiella spp. era más común en vacas alimentadas con sorgo ensilado. Enterobacter spp. y Proteus spp. fueron observados en la mayoría de los aislados de terneras (P < 0,01). Estudios a futuro deben dilucidar las diferencias en la población de estos microorganismos para maximizar la productividad y la salud de ganado alimentado con estas dietas.

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          Estatística Aplicada a Experimentação Animal

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            Interplay between rumen digestive disorders and diet-induced inflammation in dairy cattle.

            In this review, an overview is provided on the current achievements regarding the interplay between rumen digestive disorders and diet-induced inflammation in dairy cattle. It starts with a review of factors favoring the disturbances in the rumen metabolism, which culminate with development of sub-acute rumen acidosis (SARA). The latter digestive disorder is often linked to greater metabolic stress of gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota and lowered fiber digestion, as well as with disruption of the barrier functions of the GI epithelia, which open the route of deleterious molecules to translocate from the GI lumen into the portal system. A model is suggested to illustrate the mechanisms of the involvement of digestive disorders in the disruption of the host's inner homeostasis leading to activation of acute phase response (APR). The latter is part of multifaceted innate immune and metabolic responses of the host. According to this model, endotoxin, its toxicity, and other metabolic compounds of microbial origin are regarded as important immunogenic components of GI tract, which when favored by disruption of host barriers triggers a systemic APR. Although the activation of an APR is viewed as a protective reaction aiming to reestablish the disturbed homeostasis, the presence of inflammatory state over long periods might be associated with negative consequences for the host. The review concludes that prolonged systemic inflammation can: (1) cause significant changes in the energy and lipid metabolism in different body tissues, (2) lead to the development of refractory states associated with immune suppression and increased susceptibility to various diseases, and (3) artificially increase host's requirements in energy and nutrients, lowering the efficiency of energy and feed use by the animal. The paper emphasizes the critical role that formulation of healthy diets plays for curbing down inflammation and enhancing metabolic health of dairy cows. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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              Acidosis and lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli B:055 cause hyperpermeability of rumen and colon tissues.

              The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the effects of acidic pH of the perfusate and presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on permeability of rumen and colon mucosal tissues to mannitol and LPS using the Ussing chamber system. Rumen and colon tissues (n = 8), obtained from slaughtered feedlot steers, were tested for changes in permeability to (3)H-mannitol under pH of 4.5, 5.5, and 6.5 for rumen and at 5.5, 6.5, and 7.4 for colon, with or without LPS from Escherichia coli B:055 at 500 microg/mL. The (3)H-Mannitol was added at 10 microL (525.4 GBq/mmol) on the mucosal side of the Ussing chamber to detect changes in permeability, and 4 samples were taken at 20, 25, 30, and 35 min from the serosal side. Permeability of rumen and colon mucosa to (3)H-mannitol increased 6- and 5-fold, respectively, at acidic pH values of 4.5 and 5.5 and in the presence of 500 micro/mL of LPS. In contrast, LPS did not affect rumen and colon permeability at pH that ranged from 5.5 and 7.4. Translocation of LPS across the rumen and colon mucosa of cattle was not pH dependent. The LPS translocated through these tissues if present at the mucosal side. In conclusion, the permeability of rumen and colon tissues to (3)H-mannitol increased in presence of LPS and under acidic pH, whereas LPS permeated through mucosal tissues independently of the pH of the perfusate. Further research is warranted to understand the mechanism(s) by which acidic pH of the rumen digesta and presence of LPS make rumen and colon tissues "leaky".
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                amv
                Archivos de medicina veterinaria
                Arch. med. vet.
                Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile (Valdivia )
                0301-732X
                2014
                : 46
                : 3
                : 457-462
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Brasil
                [2 ] Faculdades Integradas do Norte de Minas Brasil
                [3 ] Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Brasil
                Article
                S0301-732X2014000300017
                10.4067/S0301-732X2014000300017
                33824170-c97e-4b98-be0f-ce662c534e6f

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Chile

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0301-732X&lng=en
                Categories
                VETERINARY SCIENCES

                General veterinary medicine
                Enterobacteriaceae,dairy cattle,rumen microbiota,tropical forages,ganado lechero,microbiota ruminal,forrajes tropicales

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