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      Susceptibilidade do besouro rola-bosta africano a reguladores de crescimento de insetos Translated title: Susceptibility of African dung beetle to insect growth regulators

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          Abstract

          Verificou-se a ação dos reguladores de crescimento de insetos (IGR), diflubenzuron e methoprene, sobre o besouro rola-bosta africano, Digitonthophagus gazella (Fabricius), um inimigo natural da mosca-dos-chifres, Haematobia irritans irritans (Linnaeus). Casais de besouros foram colocados em baldes contendo terra úmida e alimentados com fezes bovinas contendo 1, 0,5 ou 0,2ppm de diflubenzuron e 0,2ppm de methoprene. Os insetos e sua prole foram recuperados com o auxílio de armadilhas pitfall. Diflubenzuron e methoprene não afetaram a sobrevivência dos adultos inicialmente expostos, mas interferiram na produção de descendentes. Diflubenzuron, nas concentrações de 1 e 0,5ppm, também afetou a duração do ciclo de vida dos besouros. Nenhum dos IGRs alterou a razão sexual dos descendentes obtidos. As concentrações testadas de diflubenzuron mostraram-se moderadamente nocivas ao besouro enquanto methoprene a 0,2ppm mostrou ser pouco nocivo, segundo os critérios da International Organization for Biological Control.

          Translated abstract

          The effects of insect growth regulators (IGR), diflubenzuron and methoprene, on African dung beetle, Digitonthophagus gazella (Fabricius), a natural enemy of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans irritans (Linnaeus), was studied. Beetles were placed in buckets partially filled with humid soil and were fed bovine feces containing 1, 0.5, or 0.2ppm diflubenzuron and 0.2ppm methoprene. Insects and their progenies were recovered by pitfall traps. Diflubenzuron and methoprene did not affect the survival of the adults but reduced their progenies. Diflubenzuron 1 and 0.5ppm also affected the life cicle of the beetles. None of the IGR modified the gender ratio of the progenies. According to the IOBC criteria, diflubenzuron tested concentrations showed to be moderately harmful to the beetles, whereas methoprene 0.2ppm was slightly harmful.

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          The molecular site of action of juvenile hormone and juvenile hormone insecticides during metamorphosis: how these compounds kill insects.

          Studies in a variety of insects during the past four decades has deepened our understanding of juvenile hormone (JH) physiology, but how this hormone works at the molecular level remains elusive. Similarly, the mechanism of toxicity of JH analogue insecticides is still in question. There is much evidence from laboratory usage that JHAs act as JH agonists and generally show the highest toxicity when applied at the onset of metamorphosis. A physiological basis for the toxicity and morphogenetic effects has been suggested by recent work linking these effects with interference with the expression or action of certain genes, particularly the Broad-Complex (BR-C) transcription factor gene, that direct metamorphic change. Misexpressed BR-C then leads to improper expression of one or more downstream effector genes controlled by BR-C gene products, resulting in abnormal developmental and physiological changes that disrupt metamorphosis. Therefore, JH is a necessary molecule at certain times in insect development but becomes toxic when present during metamorphosis.
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            Insecticidal activity of synthetic pyrethroids, organophosphates, insect growth regulators, and other livestock parasiticides: an Australian perspective.

            The present review is restricted to the collation and evaluation of information describing the excretion profile and ecotoxicity of veterinary medicines developed specifically for the control of either internal or external parasites of livestock. It identifies numerous gaps in our knowledge and highlights our poor understanding of the environmental fate of many of these chemicals, especially those developed for the control of ticks, lice, and/or biting flies. Residues of most anthelmintics are largely harmless to dung-feeding arthropods, but those of many ectoparasiticides, especially the synthetic pyrethroids, are highly toxic to fly larvae and adult dung beetles. Organophosphates, because they are metabolized extensively and eliminated mostly in urine, are considered to be unlikely to have a major impact on the development or survival of dung-dwelling organisms. The present review stresses the need for better information regarding spatial and temporal usage patterns of veterinary parasiticides, and it examines the role of ecotoxicological models for evaluating their impact on populations of dung-dependent arthropods.
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              Insect growth regulators for insect pest control

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                abmvz
                Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia
                Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.
                Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinária (Belo Horizonte )
                1678-4162
                October 2009
                : 61
                : 5
                : 1077-1084
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Brazil
                Article
                S0102-09352009000500010
                10.1590/S0102-09352009000500010
                33bc71bf-d3a6-4901-8c4c-fd174c19771d

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0102-0935&lng=en
                Categories
                VETERINARY SCIENCES

                General veterinary medicine
                African dung beetle,Digitonthophagus gazella,methoprene,diflubenzuron,natural enemy,besouro rola-bosta,inimigo natural

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