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      Subretinal Fluid Drainage and Vitrectomy Are Helpful in Diagnosing and Treating Eyes with Advanced Coats' Disease

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          Abstract

          Severe forms of Coats’ disease are often associated with total retinal detachment, and a differential diagnosis from retinoblastoma is critically important. In such eyes, laser- and/or cryoablation is often ineffective or sometimes impossible to perform. We report a case of advanced Coats’ disease in which a rapid pathological examination of subretinal fluid was effective for the diagnosis, and external subretinal drainage combined with vitrectomy was effective in preserving the eye.

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          Most cited references7

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          Observations on the management of Coats' disease: less is more.

          In this article we share our experience of treating various severities of Coats' disease and focus on optimal therapy for advanced disease. Retrospective chart review of 10 patients treated with varied techniques including intraocular surgery, cryopexy and/or laser photocoagulation. Nine patients were male. At presentation the average age was 4.6 years (range 21 months-7 years), the average number of retinal quadrants involved with telangiectasia was 2.7 (range 1-4, median 3), eight of the 10 patients had retinal detachment, six of these being total, and all patients had macular involvement with either exudate or fibrosis. Average follow-up was 2.3 years (range 1-4.5 years). The best visual outcomes were observed in patients who presented with less severe disease. For example, the only four patients to maintain ambulatory vision all presented without total retinal detachment, two or fewer quadrants of retinal telangiectasia and a visual acuity better than light perception. No patient developed secondary angle closure glaucoma, and all patients have kept a cosmetically acceptable eye. In this limited series, visual outcomes in the setting of advanced Coats' disease are largely dependent on disease severity and visual status at the time of presentation. Minimally invasive surgery with vitreous infusion through the pars plana, combined with external drainage of subretinal fluid together with cryotherapy and/or laser photocoagulation is sufficient to effect retinal re-attachment and prevent loss of the eye.
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            Treatment of Coats' disease with intravitreal bevacizumab.

            To compare the efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab plus ablative therapy with ablative therapy alone for Coats' disease. A retrospective review of all paediatric patients who received treatment for Coats' disease from a single surgeon (GBH) from 1 January 2001 to 31 March 2010 was performed. Ten consecutive patients who received intravitreal bevacizumab as part of their treatment were matched to 10 patients treated with ablative therapy alone by macular appearance, quadrants of subretinal fluid, and quadrants of telangiectasias. Outcomes evaluated were number of treatment sessions, time to full treatment, and resolution of disease. There was no statistical difference between baseline characteristics when comparing the bevacizumab and control groups. Eyes treated with bevacizumab required more treatments over a longer time period compared to the control group. All patients in the bevacizumab group were successfully treated while two of the patients in the control group failed ablative techniques. Intravitreal bevacizumab may play a role as adjuvant therapy in select cases of Coats' disease, but its use does not reduce the time to full treatment. Resolution of disease was seen in the most severe cases treated with bevacizumab plus thermal ablation whereas their matched controls failed therapy with laser and cryotherapy alone.
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              Vitrectomy techniques in late-stage Coats'-like exudative retinal detachment.

              Retinal telangiectasia is the hallmark of Coats' disease. In the late stages, leakage from these abnormal vessels can result in a total, bullous exudative retinal detachment with cholesterol-laden subretinal fluid. Secondary angle-closure glaucoma may result in a blind and painful eye which may require enucleation or evisceration. Surgical reattachment of the retina and destruction of the retinal telangiectasia may preserve these eyes. We have found that vitrectomy, internal drainage of subretinal fluid and cholesterol, direct treatment of the retinal telangiectasia with intraocular diathermy and intravitreal gas or silicone oil injection are effective surgical techniques for salvaging these severely damaged eyes.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                COP
                COP
                10.1159/issn.1663-2699
                Case Reports in Ophthalmology
                S. Karger AG
                1663-2699
                2016
                January – April 2016
                29 April 2016
                : 7
                : 1
                : 223-229
                Affiliations
                [_a] aDepartment of Ophthalmology, Naha City Hospital, Naha City, Japan
                [_b] bDepartment of Ophthalmology, Kindai University Sakai Hospital, Sakai City, Japan
                [_c] cDepartment of Ophthalmology, National Sanatorium Okinawa Airakuen, Nago City, Japan
                [_d] dDepartment of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara City, Japan
                [_e] eDepartment of Ophthalmology, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka-Sayama City, Japan
                Author notes
                *Prof. Shunji Kusaka, MD, Department of Ophthalmology, Kindai University Sakai Hospital, 2-7-1 Harayamadai, Minami-ku, Sakai City, 590-0132 Osaka (Japan), E-Mail kusaka-ns @ umin.net
                Article
                445795 PMC4943774 Case Rep Ophthalmol 2016;7:223–229
                10.1159/000445795
                PMC4943774
                27462247
                34790221-4382-4d67-a02b-29d38ed3c8b1
                © 2016 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel

                This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC). Usage and distribution for commercial purposes requires written permission. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                : 01 February 2016
                : 29 March 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 5, Pages: 7
                Categories
                Case Report

                Vision sciences,Ophthalmology & Optometry,Pathology
                Vitrectomy,Coats’ disease,Retinoblastoma,Rapid pathological examination

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