2
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Protected areas and the neglected contribution of Indigenous Peoples and local communities: Struggles for environmental justice in the Caatinga dry forest

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          • Despite evidence about the contribution of Indigenous Peoples and local communities (IPLCs) to conservation, prevailing strategies still seek their separation from nature, often triggering conflicts. Current pledges to expand global protected area coverage suggest a need for the critical analysis of governance quality and the way conservation interacts with the well‐being of IPLCs.

          • We present the case of Catimbau National Park in the Caatinga dry forest of northeast Brazil, where we explored connections between the well‐being of IPLCs and landscape through different values, practices and institutions, and perceptions of how environmentally just the park's governance has been.

          • The well‐being of IPLCs is inextricably connected with the Caatinga landscape, through multiple place‐based relational values that, although differing between Indigenous and non‐indigenous inhabitants, have in both cases developed over generations. Although often framed as degraders, IPLCs exhibit a strong motivation to conserve, reflected through local institutions including forest gardens, sustainable use regulations, restoration activities and prevention of external encroachment.

          • The strict form of protected area implemented at Catimbau, instead of a locally led or sustainable use reserve, explicitly targeted the resettlement of IPLCs and livelihood reorientation. These imposed objectives have clashed with a way of life in this peopled landscape and precluded local stewardship on a larger scale. Long‐term conflict arose through governance deficiencies which sparked multidimensional injustices. These include not only the misrecognition of local values and customary institutions but also the lack of procedures for consent or decision‐making influence, plus distributional harms including tenure insecurity and denied development assistance.

          • Development and conservation strategies must reject narratives about poor, resource‐dependent rural communities and embrace the opportunities that local knowledge and institutions bring for effective conservation. As conservation efforts are expanded post‐2020, the people of the Caatinga and beyond must be recognised as embedded and a key part of any solution.

          • In strict protected areas like Catimbau, where social conflict constrains their ability to function, seeking legal changes in governance type can be onerous. However, we describe other local‐level actions to build relationships and agency that may foster transitions towards better governance, and just treatment of IPLCs.

          A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

          Resumo

          • Apesar das evidências sobre a contribuição dos Povos Indígenas e Comunidades Locais (PICLs) para a conservação, as estratégias predominantes ainda buscam sua separação da natureza, muitas vezes desencadeando conflitos. As promessas atuais de expandir a cobertura global de áreas protegidas sugerem a necessidade de uma análise crítica da qualidade de governança e da maneira como a conservação interage com o bem‐estar das PICLs.

          • Apresentamos o caso do Parque Nacional do Catimbau na floresta seca da Caatinga no nordeste do Brasil, onde exploramos as conexões entre o bem‐estar das PICLs e a paisagem por meio de diferentes valores, práticas e instituições, e percepções de quão ambientalmente justa tem sido a gestão do parque.

          • O bem‐estar das PICLs está intrinsecamente ligado à paisagem da Caatinga, por meio de múltiplos valores relacionais de base local que, embora diferentes entre indígenas e não indígenas, em ambos os casos se desenvolveram ao longo de gerações. Embora muitas vezes classificadas como degradantes, as PICLs exibem uma forte motivação para conservar, refletida por meio de instituições locais, incluindo cultivos florestais, regulamentações de uso sustentável, atividades de restauração e prevenção de invasões externas.

          • A forma inflexível de área protegida implementada no Catimbau, em vez de uma reserva localmente controlada ou de uso sustentável, visava explicitamente o reassentamento das PICLs e a reorientação dos meios de subsistência. Esses objetivos impostos colidiram com um modo de vida nesta paisagem povoada e impediram a gestão local em uma escala maior. O conflito de longo prazo surgiu por meio de falhas de gestão que geraram injustiças multidimensionais. Isso inclui não apenas o não reconhecimento de valores locais e instituições de usos e costumes, mas também a falta de procedimentos para consentimento ou influência na tomada de decisões, além de danos distributivos, incluindo insegurança de posse e negação de assistência ao desenvolvimento.

          • As estratégias de desenvolvimento e conservação devem rejeitar narrativas sobre comunidades rurais pobres e dependentes de recursos e abraçar as oportunidades que o conhecimento local e as instituições trazem para uma conservação eficaz. À medida que os esforços de conservação são expandidos pós‐2020, o povo da Caatinga e além deve ser reconhecido como uma parte fundamental de qualquer solução.

          • Em áreas estritamente protegidas como o Catimbau, onde o conflito social restringe sua capacidade de funcionamento, buscar mudanças legais do tipo de gestão pode ser dispendioso. No entanto, descrevemos outras ações em nível local para construir relacionamentos e ações que possam promover transições para uma melhor gestão e tratamento justo de PICLs.

          Abstract

          A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

          Related collections

          Most cited references130

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: not found
          • Article: not found

          A spatial overview of the global importance of Indigenous lands for conservation

            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: not found
            • Article: not found

            Weaving knowledge systems in IPBES, CBD and beyond—lessons learned for sustainability

              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: found

              Area-based conservation in the twenty-first century

              Humanity will soon define a new era for nature-one that seeks to transform decades of underwhelming responses to the global biodiversity crisis. Area-based conservation efforts, which include both protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures, are likely to extend and diversify. However, persistent shortfalls in ecological representation and management effectiveness diminish the potential role of area-based conservation in stemming biodiversity loss. Here we show how the expansion of protected areas by national governments since 2010 has had limited success in increasing the coverage across different elements of biodiversity (ecoregions, 12,056 threatened species, 'Key Biodiversity Areas' and wilderness areas) and ecosystem services (productive fisheries, and carbon services on land and sea). To be more successful after 2020, area-based conservation must contribute more effectively to meeting global biodiversity goals-ranging from preventing extinctions to retaining the most-intact ecosystems-and must better collaborate with the many Indigenous peoples, community groups and private initiatives that are central to the successful conservation of biodiversity. The long-term success of area-based conservation requires parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity to secure adequate financing, plan for climate change and make biodiversity conservation a far stronger part of land, water and sea management policies.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                People and Nature
                People and Nature
                Wiley
                2575-8314
                2575-8314
                December 2023
                November 29 2021
                December 2023
                : 5
                : 6
                : 1739-1755
                Affiliations
                [1 ] School of Biological Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK
                [2 ] School of International Development University of East Anglia Norwich UK
                [3 ] European School of Political and Social Sciences Lille France
                [4 ] Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical Universidade Federal do Amapá Macapá Brazil
                [5 ] Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biodiversidade e Meio Ambiente Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Dourados Brazil
                [6 ] Porto Alegre Brazil
                [7 ] Departamento de Botânica Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biologia Vegetal Cidade Universitária Pernambuco Brazil
                [8 ] Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biologia Animal Departamento de Ecologia Zoologia e Genética Instituto de Biologia Universidade Federal de Pelotas Pelotas Brazil
                Article
                10.1002/pan3.10288
                3517c43e-ad01-4ebf-9fb9-ef0e5623f454
                © 2023

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History

                Comments

                Comment on this article