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      Determinantes dos gastos com diálises no Sistema Único de Saúde, Brasil, 2000 a 2004 Translated title: Determinants of expenditures on dialysis in the Unified National Health System, Brazil, 2000 to 2004

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          Abstract

          O objetivo deste estudo é comparar os gastos ambulatoriais totais entre hemodiálise e diálise peritoneal, de 2000 a 2004, dos pacientes que iniciaram diálise, em 2000, no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Foi desenvolvida coorte histórica de pacientes que iniciaram diálise em 2000, identificados por pareamento probabilístico na base de dados de Autorização de Procedimentos de Alta Complexidade/Custo (APAC). Utilizou-se modelo de regressão linear múltipla incluindo atributos individuais, clínicos e variáveis de oferta de serviços de saúde. A coorte foi constituída por 10.899 pacientes, 88,5% iniciaram em hemodiálise, e 11,5%, em diálise peritoneal. A modalidade explica 12% da variância dos gastos, os pacientes em diálise peritoneal apresentam um gasto médio anual 20% maior. Os diferenciais nos gastos são explicados pelo estado da federação e nível de oferta de serviços de saúde. As variáveis de risco individual não alteram o poder de explicação do modelo, sendo significativos a idade e a presença de diabetes mellitus. Constata-se a importância do sistema de pagamento do SUS para explicar as diferenças de gastos do tratamento dialítico no Brasil.

          Translated abstract

          The aim of this study was to compare total outpatient expenditures on hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis from 2000 to 2004 in patients that began dialysis in 2000 under the Unified National Health System (SUS). A historical cohort was developed, consisting of patients that began dialysis in 2000, identified by probabilistic matching in the database of Authorizations for High-Complexity/High-Cost Procedures (APAC). A multiple linear regression model was used, including individual and clinical attributes and health services supply variables. The cohort included 10,899 patients, 88.5% of whom began hemodialysis and 11.5% peritoneal dialysis. The dialysis modality explains 12% of the variance in expenditures, and patients in peritoneal dialysis showed 20% higher mean annual expenditure. The differences in expenditures are explained according to the State of Brazil and health services supply level. Individual risk variables did not alter the model's explanatory power, while age and diabetes mellitus were significant. The study showed the importance of the National Health System's payment mechanism for explaining differences in expenditures on dialysis treatment in Brazil.

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          ESRD patients in 2004: global overview of patient numbers, treatment modalities and associated trends.

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            Maintenance dialysis population dynamics: current trends and long-term implications.

            Despite a general recognition that treatment of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) has become a large-scale undertaking, the size of the treated population and the associated costs are not well quantified. This report combines data available from a variety of sources and places the current (midyear 2001) estimated global maintenance dialysis population at just over 1.1 million patients. The size of this population has been expanding at a rate of 7% per year. Total therapy cost per patient per year in the United States is approximately 66,000 dollars. Assuming that this figure is a reasonable global average, the annual worldwide cost of maintenance ESRD therapy in the year 2001, excluding renal transplantation, will be between 70 and 75 billion US dollars. If current trends in ESRD prevalence continue, as seems probable, the ESRD population will exceed 2 million patients by the year 2010. The care of this group represents a major societal commitment: the aggregate cost of treating ESRD during the coming decade will exceed 1 trillion dollars, a thought-provoking sum by any economic metric.
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              The cost of renal dialysis in a UK setting--a multicentre study.

              The UK National Health Service (NHS) will fund renal services using Payment by Results (PbR), from 2009. Central to the success of PbR will be the creation of tariffs that reflect the true cost of medical services. We have therefore estimated the cost of different dialysis modalities in the Cardiff and Vale NHS Trust and six other hospitals in the UK. We used semi-structured interviews with nephrologists, head nurses and business managers to identify the steps involved in delivering the different dialysis modalities. We assigned costs to these using published figures or suppliers' published price lists. The study used mixed costing methods. Dialysis costs were estimated by a combination of microcosting and a top-down approach. Where we did not have access to detailed accounts, we applied values for Cardiff. The most efficient modalities were automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), the mean annual costs of which were pound21 655 and pound15 570, respectively. Hospital-based haemodialysis (HD) cost pound35 023 per annum and satellite-unit-based HD cost pound32 669. The cost of home-based HD was pound20 764 per year (based on data from only one unit). The main cost drivers for PD were the costs of solutions and management of anaemia. For HD they were costs of disposables, nursing, the overheads associated with running the unit and management of anaemia. Renal tariffs for PbR need to reflect the true cost of dialysis provision if choices about modalities are not to be influenced by erroneous estimates of cost. Knowledge of the true costs of modalities will also maximize the number of established renal failure patients treated by dialysis within the limited funds available from the NHS.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                csp
                Cadernos de Saúde Pública
                Cad. Saúde Pública
                Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0102-311X
                1678-4464
                August 2010
                : 26
                : 8
                : 1627-1641
                Affiliations
                [01] Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina Brazil
                [03] Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais orgdiv1Faculdade de Farmácia Brazil
                [02] Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais Brazil
                [04] Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais orgdiv1Centro de Desenvolvimento e Planejamento Regional Brazil
                Article
                S0102-311X2010000800016 S0102-311X(10)02600816
                10.1590/S0102-311X2010000800016
                21229221
                358f7b47-67ec-4ba2-a6fd-c9e325c39321

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 03 September 2009
                : 29 June 2010
                : 21 December 2009
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 32, Pages: 15
                Product

                SciELO Public Health

                Self URI: Texto completo somente em PDF (PT)
                Categories
                Artigo

                Economia da Saúde,Renal Insufficiency,Gastos em Saúde,Health Expenditures,Diálise,Insuficiência Renal,Health Economics,Dialysis

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