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      Strategies to Improve Adherence to Dietary Weight Loss Interventions in Research and Real-World Settings

      review-article
      Author(s): * ,
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Behavioral Sciences
      Publisher: MDPI
      Keywords: adherence, obesity, diet-reducing, appetite

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          Abstract

          Dietary interventions are the cornerstone of obesity treatment. The optimal dietary approach to weight loss is a hotly debated topic among health professionals and the lay public alike. An emerging body of evidence suggests that a higher level of adherence to a diet, regardless of the type of diet, is an important factor in weight loss success over the short and long term. Key strategies to improve adherence include designing dietary weight loss interventions (such as ketogenic diets) that help to control the increased drive to eat that accompanies weight loss, tailoring dietary interventions to a person’s dietary preferences (and nutritional requirements), and promoting self-monitoring of food intake. The aim of this paper is to examine these strategies, which can be used to improve adherence and thereby increase the success of dietary weight loss interventions.

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          A Randomized Trial of a Low-Carbohydrate Diet for Obesity

          Gary D Foster, Holly Wyatt, James O Hill … (2003)
          New England Journal of Medicine, 348(21), 2082-2090
          Article 0 comments Cited 356 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Long-term persistence of hormonal adaptations to weight loss.

            Priya Sumithran, Luke A Prendergast, Elizabeth Delbridge … (2011)
            After weight loss, changes in the circulating levels of several peripheral hormones involved in the homeostatic regulation of body weight occur. Whether these changes are transient or persist over time may be important for an understanding of the reasons behind the high rate of weight regain after diet-induced weight loss. We enrolled 50 overweight or obese patients without diabetes in a 10-week weight-loss program for which a very-low-energy diet was prescribed. At baseline (before weight loss), at 10 weeks (after program completion), and at 62 weeks, we examined circulating levels of leptin, ghrelin, peptide YY, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide 1, amylin, pancreatic polypeptide, cholecystokinin, and insulin and subjective ratings of appetite. Weight loss (mean [±SE], 13.5±0.5 kg) led to significant reductions in levels of leptin, peptide YY, cholecystokinin, insulin (P<0.001 for all comparisons), and amylin (P=0.002) and to increases in levels of ghrelin (P<0.001), gastric inhibitory polypeptide (P=0.004), and pancreatic polypeptide (P=0.008). There was also a significant increase in subjective appetite (P<0.001). One year after the initial weight loss, there were still significant differences from baseline in the mean levels of leptin (P<0.001), peptide YY (P<0.001), cholecystokinin (P=0.04), insulin (P=0.01), ghrelin (P<0.001), gastric inhibitory polypeptide (P<0.001), and pancreatic polypeptide (P=0.002), as well as hunger (P<0.001). One year after initial weight reduction, levels of the circulating mediators of appetite that encourage weight regain after diet-induced weight loss do not revert to the levels recorded before weight loss. Long-term strategies to counteract this change may be needed to prevent obesity relapse. (Funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00870259.).
            Article 0 comments Cited 201 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              A randomized trial comparing a very low carbohydrate diet and a calorie-restricted low fat diet on body weight and cardiovascular risk factors in healthy women.

              Bonnie Brehm, Randy Seeley, Stephen R Daniels … (2003)
              Untested alternative weight loss diets, such as very low carbohydrate diets, have unsubstantiated efficacy and the potential to adversely affect cardiovascular risk factors. Therefore, we designed a randomized, controlled trial to determine the effects of a very low carbohydrate diet on body composition and cardiovascular risk factors. Subjects were randomized to 6 months of either an ad libitum very low carbohydrate diet or a calorie-restricted diet with 30% of the calories as fat. Anthropometric and metabolic measures were assessed at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Fifty-three healthy, obese female volunteers (mean body mass index, 33.6 +/- 0.3 kg/m(2)) were randomized; 42 (79%) completed the trial. Women on both diets reduced calorie consumption by comparable amounts at 3 and 6 months. The very low carbohydrate diet group lost more weight (8.5 +/- 1.0 vs. 3.9 +/- 1.0 kg; P < 0.001) and more body fat (4.8 +/- 0.67 vs. 2.0 +/- 0.75 kg; P < 0.01) than the low fat diet group. Mean levels of blood pressure, lipids, fasting glucose, and insulin were within normal ranges in both groups at baseline. Although all of these parameters improved over the course of the study, there were no differences observed between the two diet groups at 3 or 6 months. beta- Hydroxybutyrate increased significantly in the very low carbohydrate group at 3 months (P = 0.001). Based on these data, a very low carbohydrate diet is more effective than a low fat diet for short-term weight loss and, over 6 months, is not associated with deleterious effects on important cardiovascular risk factors in healthy women.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Behav Sci (Basel)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Behav Sci (Basel)
                Journal ID (publisher-id): behavsci
                Title: Behavioral Sciences
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 2076-328X
                Publication date (Electronic): 11 July 2017
                Publication date Collection: September 2017
                Volume: 7
                Issue: 3
                Electronic Location Identifier: 44
                Affiliations
                The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; amanda.salis@ 123456sydney.edu.au
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: alice.gibson@ 123456sydney.edu.au ; Tel.: +61-02-8627-1920
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8750-9720
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9176-1574
                Article
                Publisher ID: behavsci-07-00044
                DOI: 10.3390/bs7030044
                PMC ID: 5618052
                PubMed ID: 28696389
                SO-VID: 36479ad7-8a32-475e-87bc-5dc8ba83b101
                Copyright © © 2017 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 16 June 2017
                Date accepted : 07 July 2017
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                Keywords: adherence,obesity,diet-reducing,appetite
                Data availability:
                Keywords: adherence, obesity, diet-reducing, appetite

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