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      Efeitos do manejo comportamental de incontinência fecal em adolescente Translated title: Effects of behavior management of fecal incontinence in an adolescent

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          Abstract

          A incontinência fecal, também conhecida como encoprese, é um transtorno de evacuação que acarreta prejuízos ao desenvolvimento psicossocial e orgânico da criança e do adolescente, e que demanda atenção e cuidado de pais e profissionais de saúde. No amplo contexto de tratamento da encoprese, a psicoterapia constitui importante recurso, sendo a terapia comportamental apontada como uma das modalidades mais promissoras e eficazes para o tratamento dessa dificuldade de eliminação. Este artigo apresenta o estudo dos efeitos do manejo comportamental de quadro de incontinência fecal em um adolescente de 14 anos, atendido em clínica-escola de Psicologia do interior do Estado de São Paulo durante 14 meses. A partir do referencial teórico da análise do comportamento, foi desenvolvido, em contexto psicoterápico, um conjunto de estratégias comportamentais com o cliente, bem como orientações aos pais, visando à gradativa extinção encoprética. No decorrer desse processo, o cliente apresentou significativas aquisições comportamentais de uso regular do banheiro e adequado controle esfincteriano, monitoradas semanalmente, que possibilitaram a plena extinção das ocorrências de sujidade, sendo avaliado o efeito em follow-up realizado três meses após o encerramento dessa intervenção.

          Translated abstract

          La incontinencia fecal, también conocida como encopresis, es un trastorno de evacuación que acarrea perjuicios en el desarrollo psicosocial y orgánico de niños adolescentes, lo que demanda atención y cuidado de padres y profesionales de salud. En el amplio contexto de tratamiento de la encopresis, la psicoterapia se constituye como recurso importante, siendo la Terapia Conductual apuntada como una de las modalidades más promisoras y eficaces para tratamiento de esta dificultad de eliminación. Este artículo presenta el estudio de los efectos del manejo del comportamiento de cuadro de incontinencia fecal en un adolescente de 14 años, atendido en clínica escuela de Psicología del interior del estado de São Paulo durante 14 meses. A partir del referencial teórico del Análisis del Comportamiento, fue desarrollado en contexto psicoterápico un conjunto de estrategias de comportamiento con el cliente, así como orientaciones a los padres, visando a la gradual extinción encoprética. En el transcurso de este proceso, el cliente presentó significativas adquisiciones de comportamiento de uso regular del baño y adecuado control de esfínter, monitoreados semanalmente, que posibilitaron la plena extinción de las ocurrencias de suciedad, siendo evaluado el efecto en follow-up realizado tres meses después del cierre de esta intervención.

          Translated abstract

          Fecal incontinence, also known as encopresis, is an evacuation disorder that causes losses in the organic and psychosocial development of children and adolescents, which requires attention and care from parents and health professionals. In the broad context of treatment of encopresis, psychotherapy is an important resource, and behavior therapy identified as one of the most promising and effective modalities for the treatment of difficult elimination. This article presents a study about the effects of behavioral management of fecal incontinence in an adolescent attended in school-clinical psychology in the state of São Paulo for 14 months. From the theoretical and technical tools of behavior analysis, behavioral strategies were developed in the context of psychotherapy with the client as well as guidance for the parents, seeking gradual extinction of encopresis. During this process, the client had significant behavioral acquisitions of regular use of the bathroom and proper toilet training, monitored weekly, which enabled the full dissolution of soiling, and the effect was evaluated in follow-up conducted three months after the end of this intervention.

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          Most cited references49

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          Métodos de pesquisa em ciências do comportamento

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            Psychological differences between children with and without soiling problems.

            Previous studies, based on clinic samples, report that childhood soiling is associated with behavior problems and reduced self-esteem. This population-based study investigates the prevalence of psychological problems associated with childhood soiling. A total of 8242 children aged 7-8 years born to mothers in the United Kingdom-based Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children were studied. Parents completed postal questionnaires assessing common childhood emotional and behavioral problems, and children were asked questions at a research clinic concerning their behavior, friendships, bullying, and self-esteem. The rate of psychological problems was compared in children who soil frequently (once a week or more), those who soil occasionally (less than once a week), and those with no soiling problems (controls). Analyses were adjusted for developmental delay, gender, sociodemographic background, and stressful life events. Children who soil were reported by their parents to have significantly more emotional and behavioral problems compared with children who do not soil. Children who soil frequently had significantly more problems than those who soil occasionally. The rate of attention and activity problems, obsessions and compulsions, and oppositional behavior was particularly high in frequently soiling children. Children with soiling problems reported significantly higher rates of involvement in overt bullying (as both perpetrator and victim) and antisocial activities compared with controls. The current study finds significantly higher rates of behavior and emotional problems, bullying, and antisocial activities in children who soil compared with those who do not soil. Children who soil frequently are more likely to have these problems than those who soil occasionally.
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              Métodos de pesquisa em ciência do comportamento

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                pcp
                Psicologia: ciência e profissão
                Psicol. cienc. prof.
                Conselho Federal de Psicologia (Brasília, DF, Brazil )
                1414-9893
                2012
                : 32
                : 3
                : 754-767
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameUniversidade Estadual Paulista
                Article
                S1414-98932012000300018 S1414-9893(12)03200318
                10.1590/S1414-98932012000300018
                3690933d-f546-4c76-b03f-7b87dc578d27

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                : 27 June 2012
                : 29 March 2012
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 43, Pages: 14
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Experiências

                Adolescentes,Psicologia clínica,Terapia comportamental,Fecal incontinence,Adolescents,Clinical psychology,Behavior therapy,Incontinencia Fecal,Incontinência fecal,Terapia Conductual,Psicología Clínica

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