Prevalence of Virulence Genes and Their Association with Antimicrobial Resistance Among Pathogenic  E. coli  Isolated from Egyptian Patients with Different Clinical Infections

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Abstract

Introduction

Escherichia (E.) coli can cause intestinal and extra-intestinal infections which ranged from mild to life-threatening infections. The severity of infection is a product of many factors including virulence properties and antimicrobial resistance.

Objectives

To determine the antibiotic resistance pattern, the distribution of virulence factors and their association with one another and with some selected resistance genes.

Methods

Virulence properties were analyzed phenotypically while antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by Kirby-Bauer agar disc diffusion method. In addition, 64 E. coli isolates were tested for 6 colicin genes, fimH, hlyA, traT, csgA, crl virulence genes and bla _−CTX-M-15, bla _−oxa-2 , and bla _−oxa-10 resistance genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results

Extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli isolated from urine and blood samples represented a battery of virulence factors and resistance genes with a great ability to produce biofilm. Also, a significant association (P<0.05) among most of the tested colicin, virulence and resistance genes was observed. The observed associations indicate the importance and contribution of the tested factors in the establishment and the progress of infection especially with Extra-intestinal E. coli (ExPEC) which is considered a great challenging health problem.

Conclusion

There is a need for studying how to control these factors to decrease the rate and the severity of infections. The relationship between virulence factors and resistance genes is complex and needs more studies that should be specific for each area.

Related collections

Most cited references 66

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Adherence of coagulase-negative staphylococci to plastic tissue culture plates: a quantitative model for the adherence of staphylococci to medical devices.

G Christensen, W Simpson, J Younger … (1985)

The adherence of coagulase-negative staphylococci to smooth surfaces was assayed by measuring the optical densities of stained bacterial films adherent to the floors of plastic tissue culture plates. The optical densities correlated with the weight of the adherent bacterial film (r = 0.906; P less than 0.01). The measurements also agreed with visual assessments of bacterial adherence to culture tubes, microtiter plates, and tissue culture plates. Selected clinical strains were passed through a mouse model for foreign body infections and a rat model for catheter-induced endocarditis. The adherence measurements of animal passed strains remained the same as those of the laboratory-maintained parent strain. Spectrophotometric classification of coagulase-negative staphylococci into nonadherent and adherent categories according to these measurements had a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 90.6, 80.8, and 88.4%, respectively. We examined a previously described collection of 127 strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from an outbreak of intravascular catheter-associated sepsis; strains associated with sepsis were more adherent than blood culture contaminants and cutaneous strains (P less than 0.001). We also examined a collection of 84 strains isolated from pediatric patients with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts; once again, pathogenic strains were more adherent than were CSF contaminants (P less than 0.01). Finally, we measured the adherence of seven endocarditis strains. As opposed to strains associated with intravascular catheters and CSF shunts, endocarditis strains were less adherent than were saprophytic strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci. The optical densities of bacterial films adherent to plastic tissue culture plates serve as a quantitative model for the study of the adherence of coagulase-negative staphylococci to medical devices, a process which may be important in the pathogenesis of foreign body infections.

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Detection of urovirulence factors in Escherichia coli by multiplex polymerase chain reaction.

A Terai, Y. Takeda, K Yuri … (1995)

Primers to amplify the genes encoding the virulence factors of uropathogenic Escherichia coli, such as pilus associated with pyelonephritis (pap), haemolysin (hly), aerobactin (aer) and cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (cnf1) genes, were designed. The above primers along with previously reported primers for S fimbriae (sfa) and afimbrial adhesin I (afaI) genes were combined to develop a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of the respective virulence factors and for the identification of uropathogenic E. coli. The multiplex PCR to detect pap, sfa, afaI, hly, aer and cnf1 genes was highly specific and the sensitivity was found to be about 5 x 10(3) colony forming units of E. coli per ml. A total of 194 E. coli strains isolated from patients with simple acute cystitis were examined by the multiplex PCR and the results were in complete agreement with that obtained by DNA colony hybridization test. The multiplex PCR developed was, therefore, concluded to be a useful, sensitive and rapid assay system to identify uropathogenic E. coli.

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Extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC): Disease, carriage and clones.

Adam P Dale, Neil Woodford (2015)

Extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) have a complex phylogeny, broad virulence factor (VF) armament and significant genomic plasticity, and are associated with a spectrum of host infective syndromes ranging from simple urinary tract infection to life-threatening bacteraemia. Their importance as pathogens has come to the fore in recent years, particularly in the context of the global emergence of hyper-virulent and antibiotic resistant strains. Despite this, the mechanisms underlying ExPEC transmission dynamics and clonal selection remain poorly understood. Large-scale epidemiological and clinical studies are urgently required to ascertain the mechanisms underlying these processes to enable the development of novel evidence-based preventative and therapeutic strategies. In the current review, we provide a concise summary of the methods utilised for ExPEC phylogenetic delineation before exploring in detail the associations between ExPEC VFs and site-specific disease. We then consider the role of ExPEC as an intestinal colonist and outline known associations between ExPEC clonal variation, specific disease syndromes and antibiotic resistance.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Infect Drug Resist

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Infect Drug Resist

Journal ID (publisher-id): IDR

Journal ID (pmc): idr

Title: Infection and Drug Resistance

Publisher: Dove

ISSN (Electronic): 1178-6973

Publication date (Electronic): 28 April 2020

Publication date Collection: 2020

Volume: 13

Pages: 1221-1236

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University , Minia 61519, Egypt

[2 ]Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University , Minia 11566, Egypt

Author notes

Correspondence: Rehab Mahmoud Abd El-Baky Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University Tel +20 1092487412 Email rehab.mahmoud@mu.edu.eg

Author information

Rehab Mahmoud Abd El-Baky http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6094-5653

Reham Ali Ibrahim http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7050-5755

Zeinab Shawky Hashem http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4216-8584

Article

Publisher ID: 241073

DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S241073

PMC ID: 7196243

PubMed ID: 32425560

SO-VID: 36c04d3b-689d-44c0-9335-eb4e4bc3c7a4

License:

This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms ( https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).

History

Date received : 04 December 2019

Date accepted : 04 April 2020

Page count

Figures: 2, References: 74, Pages: 16

Funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. The authors received no financial support for the research or publication of this article.

Prevalence of Virulence Genes and Their Association with Antimicrobial Resistance Among Pathogenic E. coli Isolated from Egyptian Patients with Different Clinical Infections

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Abstract

Introduction

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Related collections

Point-Of-Care Testing for AMR

Most cited references 66

Adherence of coagulase-negative staphylococci to plastic tissue culture plates: a quantitative model for the adherence of staphylococci to medical devices.

Detection of urovirulence factors in Escherichia coli by multiplex polymerase chain reaction.

Extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC): Disease, carriage and clones.

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