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      A brief review of microRNA and its role in PRRSV infection and replication

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          Abstract

          Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), a single-stranded RNA virus, mainly infects cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage. Recently, host microRNAs were shown to be capable of modulating PRRSV infection and replication by multiple ways such as targeting viral genomic RNA, targeting viral receptor and inducing antiviral response. MicroRNAs are small RNAs and have emerged as important regulators of virus-host cell interactions. In this review, we discuss the identified functions of host microRNAs in relation to PRRSV infection and propose that cellular microRNAs may have a substantial effect on cell or tissue tropism of PRRSV.

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          Origins and Mechanisms of miRNAs and siRNAs.

          Richard W. Carthew, Erik J. Sontheimer (2009)
          Over the last decade, approximately 20-30 nucleotide RNA molecules have emerged as critical regulators in the expression and function of eukaryotic genomes. Two primary categories of these small RNAs--short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs)--act in both somatic and germline lineages in a broad range of eukaryotic species to regulate endogenous genes and to defend the genome from invasive nucleic acids. Recent advances have revealed unexpected diversity in their biogenesis pathways and the regulatory mechanisms that they access. Our understanding of siRNA- and miRNA-based regulation has direct implications for fundamental biology as well as disease etiology and treatment.
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            Gene silencing by microRNAs: contributions of translational repression and mRNA decay.

            Eric Huntzinger, Elisa Izaurralde (2011)
            Despite their widespread roles as regulators of gene expression, important questions remain about target regulation by microRNAs. Animal microRNAs were originally thought to repress target translation, with little or no influence on mRNA abundance, whereas the reverse was thought to be true in plants. Now, however, it is clear that microRNAs can induce mRNA degradation in animals and, conversely, translational repression in plants. Recent studies have made important advances in elucidating the relative contributions of these two different modes of target regulation by microRNAs. They have also shed light on the specific mechanisms of target silencing, which, although it differs fundamentally between plants and animals, shares some common features between the two kingdoms.
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              MicroRNA biogenesis: coordinated cropping and dicing.

              V Kim (2005)
              The recent discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) took many by surprise because of their unorthodox features and widespread functions. These tiny, approximately 22-nucleotide, RNAs control several pathways including developmental timing, haematopoiesis, organogenesis, apoptosis, cell proliferation and possibly even tumorigenesis. Among the most pressing questions regarding this unusual class of regulatory miRNA-encoding genes is how miRNAs are produced in cells and how the genes themselves are controlled by various regulatory networks.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                :
                State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
                :
                State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Front. Agr. Sci. Eng.
                Journal ID (pmc): FASE
                Journal ID (publisher-id): CN10-1204/S
                Title: Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering
                Publisher: Higher Education Press (4 Huixin Dongjie, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China )
                ISSN (Print): 2095-7505
                Publication date (Print): 2014
                Volume: 1
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 114-120
                Affiliations
                State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
                State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
                Author notes
                whfeng@cau.edu.cn
                Article
                DOI: 10.15302/J-FASE-2014022
                SO-VID: 36c87ba8-7336-4e0d-b537-a26235ee56e4
                Copyright statement: Copyright @ 2014
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date received : 28 March 2014
                Date accepted : 20 April 2014
                Categories
                Subject: REVIEW

                Keywords: porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV),microRNA,antiviral,viral tropism
                Data availability:
                Keywords: porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), microRNA, antiviral, viral tropism

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