Hemodialysis Tunneled Catheter-Related Infections

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Abstract

Catheter-related bloodstream infections, exit-site infections, and tunnel infections are common complications related to hemodialysis central venous catheter use. The various definitions of catheter-related infections are reviewed, and various preventive strategies are discussed. Treatment options, for both empiric and definitive infections, including antibiotic locks and systemic antibiotics, are reviewed.

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Les bactériémies liées à l’utilisation d’un cathéter, les infections au point d’émergence de celui-ci ainsi que les infections du tunnel constituent les complications les plus courantes associées à l’utilisation d’un cathéter veineux central pour l’hémodialyse. Le présent chapitre expose les multiples définitions d’une infection liée à l’utilisation d’un cathéter pour la dialyse, et discute des stratégies préventives à adopter. On y présente également les options de traitement pour ces infections, empiriques ou définitives, notamment l’ajout d’antibiotiques dans le dispositif de verrouillage du cathéter et l’usage d’antibiotiques systémiques.

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Most cited references 35

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Infective endocarditis in adults.

E Mylonakis, S B Calderwood (2001)

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Type of vascular access and mortality in U.S. hemodialysis patients.

Sean F Leavey, Rishi R. Dhingra, T Hulbert-Shearon … (2001)

Vascular access (VA) complications account for 16 to 25% of hospital admissions. This study tested the hypothesis that the type of VA in use is correlated with overall mortality and cause-specific mortality. Data were analyzed from the U.S. Renal Data System Dialysis Morbidity and Mortality Study Wave 1, a random sample of 5507 patients, prevalent on hemodialysis as of December 31, 1993. The relative mortality risk during a two-year observation was analyzed by Cox-regression methods with adjustments for demographic and comorbid conditions. Using similar methods, cause-specific analyses also were performed for death caused by infection and cardiac causes. In diabetic mellitus (DM) patients with end-stage renal disease, the associated relative mortality risk was higher for those with arteriovenous graft (AVG; RR = 1.41, P < 0.003) and central venous catheter (CVC; RR = 1.54, P < 0.002) as compared with arteriovenous fistula (AVF). In non-DM patients, those with CVC had a higher associated mortality (RR = 1.70, P < 0.001), as did to a lesser degree those with AVG (RR = 1.08, P = 0.35) when compared with AVF. Cause-specific analyses found higher infection-related deaths for CVC (RR = 2.30, P < 0.06) and AVG (RR = 2.47, P < 0.02) compared with AVF in DM; in non-DM, risk was higher also for CVC (RR = 1.83, P < 0.04) and AVG (RR = 1.27, P < 0.33). In contrast to our hypothesis that AV shunting increases cardiac risk, deaths caused by cardiac causes were higher in CVC than AVF for both DM (RR = 1.47, P < 0.05) and non-DM (RR = 1.34, P < 0.05) patients. This case-mix adjusted analysis suggests that CVC and AVG are correlated with increased mortality risk when compared with AVF, both overall and by major causes of death.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Can J Kidney Health Dis

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Can J Kidney Health Dis

Journal ID (publisher-id): CJK

Journal ID (hwp): spcjk

Title: Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease

Publisher: SAGE Publications (Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA )

ISSN (Electronic): 2054-3581

Publication date (Electronic): 27 September 2016

Publication date Collection: 2016

Volume: 3

Electronic Location Identifier: 2054358116669129

Affiliations

[1 ]Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada

[2 ]Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

[3 ]Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

[4 ]Faculty of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada

[5 ]Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

[6 ]Faculty of Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada

[7 ]Department of Nursing, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

[8 ]Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada

[9 ]Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada

[10 ]Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada

Author notes

[*]Lisa M. Miller, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, GE 441-820 Sherbrook Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3A 1R9. Email: lmiller@ 123456exchange.hsc.mb.ca

[*]Jennifer M. MacRae, Assistant Professor, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary. 1403 29th Street NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2NT9. Email: jennifer.macrae@ 123456ahs.ca

Article

Publisher ID: 10.1177_2054358116669129

DOI: 10.1177/2054358116669129

PMC ID: 5332080

PubMed ID: 28270921

SO-VID: 3761c891-b6f4-4e25-ba71-07276ade487b

License:

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 License ( http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page( https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

History

Date received : 14 July 2016

Date accepted : 4 August 2016

Custom metadata

cover-date January-December 2016

Keywords: tunneled catheter,central venous catheter,catheter-related bacteremia,antimicrobial locks,catheter-related infection complications,hemodialysis

Data availability:

Keywords: tunneled catheter, central venous catheter, catheter-related bacteremia, antimicrobial locks, catheter-related infection complications, hemodialysis

Hemodialysis Tunneled Catheter-Related Infections

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Most cited references 35

Infective endocarditis in adults.

Clinical practice guidelines for vascular access.

Type of vascular access and mortality in U.S. hemodialysis patients.

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