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      Biotipos y susceptibilidad antimicrobiana de S. mutans en niños con y sin caries dental

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          Abstract

          Objetivos: investigar los biotipos de S. mutans aislados de niños con y sin caries dental y determinar su susceptibilidad antimicrobiana. Métodos: este estudio observacional descriptivo incluyó 206 niños entre los 3 y 5 años de dos preescolares en Bogotá, D. C., Colombia. Después de su aislamiento en agar Mitis Salivarius Bacitracina, las cepas S. mutans se identificaron por pruebas bioquímicas y se biotipificaron por el sistema api-ZYM. En todos los aislamientos se determinó por el método de dilución en agar la concentración inhibitoria mínima (CIM) de Penicilina, Amoxicilina, Cefazolina, Eritromicina, Clindamicina, Imipenem, Vancomicina y Teicoplanina. Resultados: Se encontró S. mutans en 30 de los 79 niños sin caries dental (38%) y en 56 de los 127 niños con caries (44,1%). Los niños con caries presentaron un recuento superior de S. mutans en comparación con los niños sin caries (p < 0,05). En total se identificaron 121 cepas de S. mutans en los 86 niños: 43 cepas en los 30 niños sin caries dental y 78 en los 56 niños con caries dental. Las 121 cepas fueron agrupadas en 38 biotipos: 24 en el grupo de caries y 14 en el grupo sin caries. En el grupo de caries los biotipos más frecuentes fueron el XV, XI, XII y XVII, respectivamente, con 26, 12, 11 y 4 cepas y en el grupo sin caries los biotipos más frecuentes fueron el XXVI, XX y XXXVI, respectivamente, con 14, 8 y 7 cepas. Todos los biotipos fueron altamente sensibles a los antimicrobianos evaluados; el 50 y 90% de las cepas S. mutans fueron inhibidas, respectivamente, por concentraciones menores a 0,12 y 1 µg/ml para todos los antimicrobianos estudiados. Para la penicilina, eritromicina e imipenem se obtuvieron los valores promedios más bajos de CIMs. Conclusiones: en la población objeto de estudio se encontró una gran diversidad biotípica, los aislamientos fueron altamente susceptibles a los antimicrobianos evaluados y en cada grupo de pacientes se identificaron patrones únicos que podrían indicar una colonización específica.

          Translated abstract

          Objectives: The main objective was to investigate the biotypes of S. mutans isolated from children with and without dental caries and determine its antimicrobial susceptibility. Methods: this descriptive observational study included 206 children aged 3 to 5 years of two preschool institutions in Bogota-Colombia. After isolation on agar Mitis Salivarius Bacitracin, S. mutans strains were identified by biochemical tests and biotyped by the api-ZYM system. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the S. mutans isolates were evaluated against penicillin, amoxicillin, cefazolin, erythromycin, clindamycin, imipenem, vancomycin and teicoplanin by an agar dilution method. Results: S. mutans was found in 30 of the 79 children without dental caries (38%) and in 56 of the 127 children with caries (44.1%). Children with cavities had a higher count of S. mutans compared to children without caries (p < 0.05). A total of 121 strains of S. mutans were identified in 86 children: 43 strains in 30 children with dental caries and 78 in the 56 children with dental caries. The 121 strains were grouped into 38 biotypes: 24 in the group caries and 14 in the group without caries. In the group caries the most common biotypes were the XV, XI, XII and XVII, respectively, with 26, 12, 11 and 4 strains and the group caries the most common biotypes were the XXVI, XX and XXXVI, respectively, with 14, 8 and 7 strains. All biotypes were highly sensitive to all antimicrobials tested; 50 and 90% of S. mutans strains were inhibited by using concentrations lower than 0.12 and 1 µg/ml, respectively, for all antibiotics studied. The lowest MICs average values were obtained for penicillin, erythromycin and imipenem. Conclusions: In the study population a wide variety of biotypes was found, isolates were highly sensitive to antimicrobials evaluated and in each clinical group were identified unique patters that could indicate a specific colonization.

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          Most cited references34

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          Biology, immunology, and cariogenicity of Streptococcus mutans.

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            Genotypic diversity and virulence traits of Streptococcus mutans in caries-free and caries-active individuals.

            The present study evaluated the relationship between clonal diversity and some virulence traits of Streptococcus mutans isolated from eight caries-free and eight caries-active subjects. A total of 155 S. mutans isolates from caries-free subjects and 144 isolates from caries-active subjects were obtained from samples of saliva, dental plaque and tongue surface and identified by PCR. The isolates were submitted to arbitrarily primed (AP)-PCR (OPA-2 and OPA-13) and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) to establish the genotypic diversity. Production of water-insoluble glucan (WIG) (monitored by SDS-PAGE), final pH of cultures and the ability of bacterial cells to adhere to smooth glass in the presence of sucrose were measured. High and comparable abilities of MLEE and AP-PCR were found to distinguish S. mutans genotypes, using Simpson's index of discrimination (0.971 and 0.968, respectively). The results showed a significant difference (P < 0.01) in the number of genotypes when caries-free and caries-active groups were compared by both fingerprinting methods used. Final pH (P = 0.32) and the percentage of adherence to a glass surface (P = 0.62) did not show differences between the two groups; however, the intensities of WIG bands from the caries-active group were greater than those from the caries-free group (P < 0.01). In addition, WIG was positively correlated with the ability of S. mutans to adhere to a glass surface (r = 0.34, P = 0.02) from caries-active subjects. These data showed that AP-PCR analysis and MLEE are both effective methods for assessing the genetic relatedness of S. mutans. Using these techniques, it was found that there is a larger number of genotypes of S. mutans with increased ability to synthesize WIG in caries-active individuals.
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              API ZYM: a simple rapid system for the detection of bacterial enzymes.

              The API ZYM system of detection of enzymes has been applied to 81 bacteria belonging to several species. It was found to be easy to use and has produced results that may be useful in the identification of a variety of bacteria.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rccqf
                Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Químico - Farmacéuticas
                Rev. colomb. cienc. quim. farm.
                Departamento de Farmácia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade Nacional da Colombia (Bogotá, Distrito Capital, Colombia )
                0034-7418
                May 2016
                : 45
                : 2
                : 288-304
                Affiliations
                [02] Bogotá orgnamePontificia Universidad Javeriana Colombia
                [01] Bogotá orgnamePontificia Universidad Javeriana Colombia
                Article
                S0034-74182016000200008
                10.15446/rcciquifa.v45n2.59944
                37aa880d-c7a8-4a37-b1e8-ff8e66eb3f26

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 02 February 2016
                : 06 July 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 36, Pages: 17
                Product

                SciELO Colombia


                perfil biotípico,Dental caries,Streptococcus mutans,antimicrobial susceptibility,Caries dental,susceptibilidad antimicrobiana,biotypic profile

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