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      Gender differences in the associations between childhood adversity and psychopathology in the general population

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          Abstract

          Purpose

          To explore gender differences of the associations between childhood adversity (CA) subtypes and psychiatric symptoms in the general population.

          Methods

          Data of 791 participants were retrieved from a general population twin cohort. The Symptom Checklist-90 Revised (SCL-90) and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire were used to assess overall psychopathology with nine symptom domains scores and total CA with exposure to five CA subtypes, respectively. The associations between CA and psychopathology were analyzed in men and women separately and were subsequently compared.

          Results

          Total CA was associated with total SCL-90 and all symptom domains without significant gender differences. However, the analyses of CA subtypes showed that the association between emotional abuse and total SCL-90 was stronger in women compared to men [ χ 2(1) = 4.10, P = 0.043]. Sexual abuse was significantly associated with total SCL-90 in women, but emotional neglect and physical neglect were associated with total SCL-90 in men. Exploratory analyses of CA subtypes and SCL-90 subdomains confirmed the pattern of gender-specific associations. In women, emotional abuse was associated with all symptom domains, and sexual abuse was associated with all except phobic anxiety and interpersonal sensitivity. In men, emotional neglect was associated with depression, and physical neglect was associated with phobic anxiety, anxiety, interpersonal sensitivity, obsessive–compulsive, paranoid ideation, and hostility subdomains.

          Conclusion

          CA is a trans-syndromal risk factor regardless of gender. However, differential associations between CA subtypes and symptom manifestation might exist. Abuse might be particularly associated with psychopathology in women, whereas neglect might be associated with psychopathology in men.

          Supplementary Information

          The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00127-023-02546-5.

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          Most cited references72

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          The effect of multiple adverse childhood experiences on health: a systematic review and meta-analysis

          A growing body of research identifies the harmful effects that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs; occurring during childhood or adolescence; eg, child maltreatment or exposure to domestic violence) have on health throughout life. Studies have quantified such effects for individual ACEs. However, ACEs frequently co-occur and no synthesis of findings from studies measuring the effect of multiple ACE types has been done.
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            Development and validation of a brief screening version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire

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              Tests of Equality Between Sets of Coefficients in Two Linear Regressions

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                sinan.guloksuz@maastrichtuniversity.nl
                Journal
                Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol
                Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol
                Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
                Springer Berlin Heidelberg (Berlin/Heidelberg )
                0933-7954
                1433-9285
                25 August 2023
                25 August 2023
                2024
                : 59
                : 5
                : 847-858
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.10223.32, ISNI 0000 0004 1937 0490, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, , Mahidol University, ; Bangkok, Thailand
                [2 ]Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, ( https://ror.org/02jz4aj89) P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
                [3 ]Institute of Graduate Programs, Department of Clinical Psychology, Istanbul Bilgi University, ( https://ror.org/04pm4x478) Istanbul, Turkey
                [4 ]Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, ( https://ror.org/00s6t1f81) Pavia, Italy
                [5 ]Psychiatric Care Sint-Kamillus, Bierbeek, Belgium
                [6 ]Department of Neurosciences, University Psychiatric Centre KU Leuven, KU Leuven, ( https://ror.org/05f950310) Leuven, Belgium
                [7 ]GRID grid.5596.f, ISNI 0000 0001 0668 7884, University Psychiatric Centre Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, ; Kortenberg, Belgium
                [8 ]Department of Neurosciences, Centre for Clinical Psychiatry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, ( https://ror.org/05f950310) Leuven, Belgium
                [9 ]Leuven Brain Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, ( https://ror.org/05f950310) Leuven, Belgium
                [10 ]Antwerp Health Law and Ethics Chair, University of Antwerp, ( https://ror.org/008x57b05) Antwerp, Belgium
                [11 ]Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ghent University Hospitals, Ghent University, ( https://ror.org/00cv9y106) Ghent, Belgium
                [12 ]GRID grid.410566.0, ISNI 0000 0004 0626 3303, Department of Neurology, , Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, ; Ghent, Belgium
                [13 ]Faculty of Psychology, Open University of the Netherlands, ( https://ror.org/018dfmf50) Heerlen, The Netherlands
                [14 ]GRID grid.4494.d, ISNI 0000 0000 9558 4598, Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, ; Groningen, The Netherlands
                [15 ]Department of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, ( https://ror.org/0575yy874) Utrecht, The Netherlands
                [16 ]GRID grid.467480.9, ISNI 0000 0004 0449 5311, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, , King’s Health Partners, King’s College London, ; London, UK
                [17 ]GRID grid.47100.32, ISNI 0000000419368710, Department of Psychiatry, , Yale School of Medicine, ; New Haven, CT USA
                Article
                2546
                10.1007/s00127-023-02546-5
                11087312
                37624463
                3850e598-7d3a-47dc-869c-2f7924b5517f
                © The Author(s) 2023

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 14 November 2022
                : 14 August 2023
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004156, Mahidol University;
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004963, Seventh Framework Programme;
                Award ID: HEALTH-F2-2009-241909
                Award ID: HEALTH-F2-2009-241909
                Award ID: HEALTH-F2-2009-241909
                Award ID: HEALTH-F2-2009-241909
                Award ID: HEALTH-F2-2009-241909
                Award ID: HEALTH-F2-2009-241909
                Award ID: HEALTH-F2-2009-241909
                Award ID: HEALTH-F2-2009-241909
                Award ID: HEALTH-F2-2009-241909
                Award ID: HEALTH-F2-2009-241909
                Award ID: HEALTH-F2-2009-241909
                Award ID: HEALTH-F2-2009-241909
                Award ID: HEALTH-F2-2009-241909
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001826, ZonMw;
                Award ID: 636340001
                Award ID: 636340001
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100019180, HORIZON EUROPE European Research Council;
                Award ID: 101057182
                Award ID: 101057182
                Award ID: 101057182
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100019926, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek;
                Award ID: 91718336
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001835, Universiteit Maastricht;
                Categories
                Research
                Custom metadata
                © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024

                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                childhood adversity,abuse,neglect,gender differences,psychopathology,general population

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