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      Follow-up of children and adolescents with short stature: the importance of the growth rate Translated title: Crianças e adolescentes com baixa estatura: a importância da velocidade de crescimento

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          Abstract

          CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Short stature is defined as a height of more than two standard deviations below the average for a given age and sex in a reference population. The objective was to describe follow-up conducted among short-stature children and adolescents. DESIGN AND SETTING: Descriptive study, at the Growth outpatient clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. METHODS: The study included 152 patients aged 2 to 15 years who had height for age of less than P5, on the National Center for Health Statistics curve. The children underwent nutritional evaluation, and several variables relating to height and growth rate were calculated to establish etiological diagnosis. Bone age was evaluated by X-ray. RESULTS: The majority (63.2%) were male. In 77.8%, the stature observed was within the family pattern. Among the 99 patients followed up for more than 6 months, 17.2% presented inadequate growth rates. The preponderant etiological diagnosis for short stature was familial/constitutional in 58.6% of the cases; 27 patients (34.2%) with adequate growth rate presented bone age alterations. Even with inadequate growth rates, 75% of such patients had a normal result from growth hormone stimulation testing. Close to 90% of patients with a diagnosis of short stature of familial/constitutional origin and intrauterine growth retardation presented adequate growth rate. The genetic etiology was significantly characteristic of patients with inadequate growth rate. CONCLUSION: Growth rate assessment must form part of the investigation and follow-up of short-stature cases. However, its utilization and validity should form part of an overall view of each patient.

          Translated abstract

          CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Baixa estatura é definida como uma altura abaixo de dois desvios-padrão da média para uma determinada idade e sexo numa população de referência. O objetivo do estudo foi descrever o acompanhamento de crianças e adolescentes com baixa estatura. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo descritivo, no Ambulatório Crescer, Departamento de Pediatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos 152 pacientes com idade de 2 a 15 anos e estatura para idade menor que o percentil 5, segundo a curva do National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). As crianças passaram por avaliação nutricional e diversas variáveis relacionadas com altura e velocidade de crescimento foram calculadas para estabelecimento de diagnóstico etiológico. A idade óssea foi avaliada por raio-x. RESULTADOS: A maioria (63,2%) era do sexo masculino. Em 77,8%, a estatura observada encontrava-se dentro do canal familiar. Dentre os 99 pacientes com período de seguimento superior a seis meses, 17,2% apresentaram velocidade de crescimento inadequada. O diagnóstico etiológico preponderante da baixa estatura foi familiar/constitucional em 58,6% dos casos. 27 pacientes (34,2%) com velocidade adequada, apresentaram raios-X de osso alterados. Mesmo com velocidade inadequada de crescimento, em 75% dos pacientes com teste de estímulo de GH, o resultado foi normal. Próximo de 90% dos pacientes com diagnóstico de baixa estatura de origem familiar/constitucional e restrição do crescimento intra-uterino, demonstraram velocidade de crescimento adequada. A etiologia genética caracterizou significantemente, pacientes com velocidade inadequada de crescimento. CONCLUSÃO: A velocidade de crescimento deve fazer parte da investigação e do acompanhamento da baixa estatura, porém, sua utilização e validade deveriam fazer parte da análise de uma visão global de cada paciente.

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          Most cited references28

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          Towards a Consensus on the Definition of Idiopathic Short Stature

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            Four decades of growth hormone therapy for short children: what have we achieved?

            H Guyda (1999)
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              Height velocity and IGF-I assessment in the diagnosis of childhood onset GH insufficiency: do we still need a second GH stimulation test?

              The diagnosis of GH insufficiency (GHI) in childhood is not straightforward. Our aim was to test the sensitivity and specificity of height velocity (HV), IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and GH stimulation tests alone or in combination in the diagnosis of GHI. A retrospective review of patients with GHI and idiopathic short stature (ISS) diagnosed in our centre and followed up to the completion of linear growth. Thirty-three GHI children and 56 children with ISS were evaluated. GHI diagnosis was based on fulfilment of anthropometric, endocrine and neuroradiological criteria: stature or = 75th centile, peak GH response to a third provocative test after growth completion 10 micro g/l (20 mU/l) were diagnosed as ISS. All subjects underwent standard anthropometry. GH secretory status was assessed by clonidine, arginine and GHRH plus arginine stimulation tests. IGF-I and IGFBP-3 circulating levels were measured by immunoradiometric assay (IRMA). The following cut-off values were chosen to discriminate between GHI and nonGHI short children: HV 25th centile and subnormal IGF-I-values (7%), due to the high specificity of IGF-I measurement, the child should undergo one provocative test and brain MRI for the high suspicion of GHI. Our results suggest that a simple assessment of HV and basal IGF-I may exclude or, in association with only one stimulation test, confirm the diagnosis of GH insufficiency in more than half of patients with short stature.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                spmj
                Sao Paulo Medical Journal
                Sao Paulo Med. J.
                Associação Paulista de Medicina - APM (São Paulo )
                1806-9460
                May 2005
                : 123
                : 3
                : 128-133
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S1516-31802005000300008
                10.1590/S1516-31802005000300008
                3861b3c5-fc94-4c0e-b95d-50d59fb2f3bb

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1516-3180&lng=en
                Categories
                MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

                Internal medicine
                Growth disorder,Body height,Child,Adolescent,Growth,Transtornos do crescimento,Estatura,Criança,Adolescente,Crescimento

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