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      Cierre percutáneo de orejuela izquierda para prevención de fenómenos embólicos en fibrilación auricular: experiencia preliminar Translated title: Percutaneous closure of Left Atrial Appendage with the Amplatzer Cardiac Plug Device in patients with atrial fibrillation: Preliminary data

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          Abstract

          Introducción: Dentro de las complicaciones más importantes de la fibrilación auricular (FA) se encuentra el accidente vascular encefálico embólico (AVE), siendo la terapia anticoagulante oral (TACO) la principal herramienta para su prevención. Cerca de un 20% de los pacientes con FA presentan condiciones clínicas que impiden su uso. Como la orejuela izquierda (01) ha sido identificada como el principal sitio de formación de trombos en la FA no valvular, se ha postulado que su oclusión podría disminuir la incidencia de eventos embólicos en este tipo de pacientes. Con este objetivo se han desarrollado múltiples técnicas, tanto quirúrgicas como dispositivos percutáneos para el cierre de esta estructura. En esta publicación se presenta la experiencia del cierre percutáneo de la 01 en tres pacientes, con el uso del dispositivo Amplatzer Cardiac Plug (ACP). Métodos: Los tres pacientes tenían alto riesgo embólico y contraindicación para uso de TACO. El procedimiento se realizó en el laboratorio de hemodinamia, bajo guía radioscópica y ecocardiográfica, con anestesia general. Resultados: Se logró la oclusión completa de la 01 en todos los pacientes, realizando además el cierre de un foramen oval permeable (FOP) en uno de ellos. Uno de los pacientes presentó derrame pericárdico el cual requirió pericardiocentesis. Los pacientes no presentaron otras complicaciones. Luego de un seguimiento de 6 meses no se han evidenciado eventos embólicos en ninguno de ellos. Conclusión: En esta experiencia preliminar, hemos comprobado la factibilidad de la oclusión de la 01 con el uso del dispositivo Amplatzer Cardiac Plug, en pacientes con FA con alto riesgo embólico y malos candidatos a TACO.

          Translated abstract

          Embolic Stroke is a major concern in patients with atrial fibrillation. Anticoagulant therapy is the preferred tool to prevent this complication, but some patients have contraindications to anticoagulation. Most of the thrombus originates at the left atrial appendage (LAA), so the closure of LAA could prevent embolization of thrombus. Three patients with high embolic risk and contraindication to anticoagulant therapy were treated at our institution with an occlude device of the LAA (Amplatzer Cardiac Plug). Implantation of the device was successful in all the patients; one had a hem pericardium and underwent pericardiocentesis without further consequences. Patients were discharged without anticoagulants. After 6 months of follow-up, no embolic complications have been reported. In this preliminary experience, we report the feasibility of the closure of LAA with the Amplatzer Cardiac Plug Device.

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          Appendage obliteration to reduce stroke in cardiac surgical patients with atrial fibrillation.

          Left atrial appendage obliteration was historically ineffective for the prevention of postoperative stroke in patients with rheumatic atrial fibrillation who underwent operative mitral valvotomy. It is, however, a routine part of modern "curative" operations for nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation, such as the maze and corridor procedures. To assess the potential of left atrial appendage obliteration to prevent stroke in nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation patients, we reviewed previous reports that identified the etiology of atrial fibrillation and evaluated the presence and location of left atrial thrombus by transesophageal echocardiography, autopsy, or operation. Twenty-three separate studies were reviewed, and 446 of 3,504 (13%) rheumatic atrial fibrillation patients, and 222 of 1,288 (17%) nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation patients had a documented left atrial thrombus. Anticoagulation status was variable and not controlled for. Thrombi were localized to, or were present in the left atrial appendage and extended into the left atrial cavity in 254 of 446 (57%) of patients with rheumatic atrial fibrillation. In contrast, 201 of 222 (91%) of nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation-related left atrial thrombi were isolated to, or originated in the left atrial appendage (p < 0.0001). These data suggest that left atrial appendage obliteration is a strategy of potential value for stroke prophylaxis in nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation.
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            Percutaneous closure of the left atrial appendage versus warfarin therapy for prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation: a randomised non-inferiority trial.

            In patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation, embolic stroke is thought to be associated with left atrial appendage (LAA) thrombi. We assessed the efficacy and safety of percutaneous closure of the LAA for prevention of stroke compared with warfarin treatment in patients with atrial fibrillation. Adult patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation were eligible for inclusion in this multicentre, randomised non-inferiority trial if they had at least one of the following: previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack, congestive heart failure, diabetes, hypertension, or were 75 years or older. 707 eligible patients were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio by computer-generated randomisation sequence to percutaneous closure of the LAA and subsequent discontinuation of warfarin (intervention; n=463) or to warfarin treatment with a target international normalised ratio between 2.0 and 3.0 (control; n=244). Efficacy was assessed by a primary composite endpoint of stroke, cardiovascular death, and systemic embolism. We selected a one-sided probability criterion of non-inferiority for the intervention of at least 97.5%, by use of a two-fold non-inferiority margin. Serious adverse events that constituted the primary endpoint for safety included major bleeding, pericardial effusion, and device embolisation. Analysis was by intention to treat. This study is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov, number NCT00129545. At 1065 patient-years of follow-up, the primary efficacy event rate was 3.0 per 100 patient-years (95% credible interval [CrI] 1.9-4.5) in the intervention group and 4.9 per 100 patient-years (2.8-7.1) in the control group (rate ratio [RR] 0.62, 95% CrI 0.35-1.25). The probability of non-inferiority of the intervention was more than 99.9%. Primary safety events were more frequent in the intervention group than in the control group (7.4 per 100 patient-years, 95% CrI 5.5-9.7, vs 4.4 per 100 patient-years, 95% CrI 2.5-6.7; RR 1.69, 1.01-3.19). The efficacy of percutaneous closure of the LAA with this device was non-inferior to that of warfarin therapy. Although there was a higher rate of adverse safety events in the intervention group than in the control group, events in the intervention group were mainly a result of periprocedural complications. Closure of the LAA might provide an alternative strategy to chronic warfarin therapy for stroke prophylaxis in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Atritech.
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              Secular trends in incidence of atrial fibrillation in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1980 to 2000, and implications on the projections for future prevalence.

              Limited data exist on trends in incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF). We assessed the community-based trends in AF incidence for 1980 to 2000 and provided prevalence projections to 2050. The adult residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, who had ECG-confirmed first AF in the period 1980 to 2000 (n=4618) were identified. Trends in age-adjusted incidence were determined and used to construct model-based prevalence estimates. The age- and sex-adjusted incidence of AF per 1000 person-years was 3.04 (95% CI, 2.78 to 3.31) in 1980 and 3.68 (95% CI, 3.42 to 3.95) in 2000. According to Poisson regression with adjustment for age and sex, incidence of AF increased significantly (P=0.014), with a relative increase of 12.6% (95% CI, 2.1 to 23.1) over 21 years. The increase in age-adjusted AF incidence did not differ between men and women (P=0.84). According to the US population projections by the US Census Bureau, the number of persons with AF is projected to be 12.1 million by 2050, assuming no further increase in age-adjusted incidence of AF, but 15.9 million if the increase in incidence continues. The age-adjusted incidence of AF increased significantly in Olmsted County during 1980 to 2000. Whether or not this rate of increase continues, the projected number of persons with AF for the United States will exceed 10 million by 2050, underscoring the urgent need for primary prevention strategies against AF development.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rchcardiol
                Revista chilena de cardiología
                Rev Chil Cardiol
                Sociedad Chilena de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular (Santiago, , Chile )
                0718-8560
                2010
                : 29
                : 1
                : 146-154
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnamePontificia Universidad Católica de Chile orgdiv1Departamento de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares Chile
                [02] Palma de Mallorca orgnameHospital Universitario Son Dureta España
                Article
                S0718-85602010000100013 S0718-8560(10)02900113
                10.4067/S0718-85602010000100013
                38789ffe-ae69-4688-8a58-b81647904cbb

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 08 March 2010
                : 04 January 2010
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 16, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                Seria Clínica

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