Satisfação com o Suporte Social e Perda de Peso — Estudo Transversal

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Abstract

Objetivo

Potencial moderador e mediador da eficácia nas intervenções para perda de peso bem-sucedida (PPBS), o suporte social é poucas vezes avaliado neste contexto. Pretende-se averiguar a relação entre a percentagem de peso perdido e variáveis sociodemográficas e psicológicas, incluindo satisfação com o suporte social, em pessoas que realizaram uma PPBS.

Método

No total, 105 adultos com PPBS (ou seja, perda igual ou superior a 7% do peso inicial, com manutenção mínima de 12 meses) preencheram a Escala de Satisfação com o Suporte Social e um questionário para recolha de informação sociodemográfica, estado de saúde psicológica e estilos de vida.

Resultados

O modelo estrutural com as dimensões de satisfação com a família e intimidade apresentou um bom ajustamento (χ ²/gl = 1,343; CFI = 0,943; GFI = 0,924; RMSEA = 0,057, p < 0,001; C.I. 90% = ]0,000; 0,093[); a satisfação com o suporte familiar (β = 0,193; p = 0,081) e a existência de uma relação afetivo-sexual (β = -0,184; p = 0,082) foram as únicas variáveis a predizer marginalmente a percentagem de peso perdido.

Conclusão

Participantes mais satisfeitos com o suporte familiar (no mínimo, um ano após a PPBS) perderam uma maior percentagem de peso; assim, a satisfação com suporte social da família poderá ser uma variável relevante no processo de perda de peso. Todavia, a natureza do estudo (tipo de estudo e de amostra) torna necessária mais investigação na área para confirmar este resultado.

Translated abstract

Aim

As a potential moderator and mediator of the effectiveness of interventions for successful weight losses (SWL), which is rarely assessed in this context, we aimed to examine the relation between the percentage of weight loss and psychological and socio-demographic variables, including satisfaction with social support, in people who accomplished a SWL.

Method

A total of 105 adults with a SWL (that is, a loss equal or superior to 7% of the initial weight, sustained for at least 12 months) filled the Satisfaction with Social Support Scale and a questionnaire, in order to collect socio-demographic, psychological health status and life style information.

Results

The structural model with the dimensions of satisfaction with family support and intimacy present a good adjustment (χ ²/gl = 1,343; CFI = 0,943; GFI = 0,924; RMSEA = 0,057, p < 0,001; C.I. 90% = ]0,000; 0,093[); satisfaction with family support (β = 0,193; p = 0,081) and the presence of a sexual-affective relationship (β = -0,184; p = 0,082) were the only variables to marginally predict the percentage of lost weight.

Conclusion

The participants who were more satisfied with family support (at least one year after the SWL) lost a greater percentage of weight; therefore, satisfaction with family social support might be a relevant variable in the weight loss process. However, the nature of the study (type of study and sample) demands further research to corroborate this results.

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Most cited references 41

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Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.

Paul Nathan, Elizabeth Barrett, John M. Lachin … (2002)

Type 2 diabetes affects approximately 8 percent of adults in the United States. Some risk factors--elevated plasma glucose concentrations in the fasting state and after an oral glucose load, overweight, and a sedentary lifestyle--are potentially reversible. We hypothesized that modifying these factors with a lifestyle-intervention program or the administration of metformin would prevent or delay the development of diabetes. We randomly assigned 3234 nondiabetic persons with elevated fasting and post-load plasma glucose concentrations to placebo, metformin (850 mg twice daily), or a lifestyle-modification program with the goals of at least a 7 percent weight loss and at least 150 minutes of physical activity per week. The mean age of the participants was 51 years, and the mean body-mass index (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) was 34.0; 68 percent were women, and 45 percent were members of minority groups. The average follow-up was 2.8 years. The incidence of diabetes was 11.0, 7.8, and 4.8 cases per 100 person-years in the placebo, metformin, and lifestyle groups, respectively. The lifestyle intervention reduced the incidence by 58 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 48 to 66 percent) and metformin by 31 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 17 to 43 percent), as compared with placebo; the lifestyle intervention was significantly more effective than metformin. To prevent one case of diabetes during a period of three years, 6.9 persons would have to participate in the lifestyle-intervention program, and 13.9 would have to receive metformin. Lifestyle changes and treatment with metformin both reduced the incidence of diabetes in persons at high risk. The lifestyle intervention was more effective than metformin.

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Using self-determination theory to promote physical activity and weight control: a randomized controlled trial in women.

Luís B. Sardinha, Cristina Vieira, José Coutinho … (2010)

Behavior change interventions are effective to the extent that they affect appropriately-measured outcomes, especially in experimental controlled trials. The primary goal of this study was to analyze the impact of a 1-year weight management intervention based on self-determination theory (SDT) on theory-based psychosocial mediators, physical activity/exercise, and body weight and composition. Participants were 239 women (37.6 +/- 7.1 years; 31.5 +/- 4.1 kg/m(2)) who received either an intervention focused on promoting autonomous forms of exercise regulation and intrinsic motivation, or a general health education program (controls). At 12 months, the intervention group showed increased weight loss (-7.29%,) and higher levels of physical activity/exercise (+138 +/- 26 min/day of moderate plus vigorous exercise; +2,049 +/- 571 steps/day), compared to controls (P < 0.001). Main intervention targets such as more autonomous self-regulation (for treatment and for exercise) and a more autonomous perceived treatment climate revealed large effect sizes (between 0.80 and .96), favoring intervention (P < 0.001). Results suggest that interventions grounded in SDT can be successfully implemented in the context of weight management, enhancing the internalization of more autonomous forms of behavioral regulation, and facilitating exercise adherence, while producing clinically-significant weight reduction, when compared to a control condition. Findings are fully consistent with previous studies conducted within this theoretical framework in other areas of health behavior change.

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Pretreatment predictors of attrition and successful weight management in women.

T Teixeira, Tracy L Metcalfe, T Lohman … (2004)

This study analyzed baseline behavioral and psychosocial differences between successful and nonsuccessful participants in a behavioral weight management program. Success was defined by commonly used health-related criteria (5% weight loss). Noncompletion was also used as a marker of a failed attempt at weight control. A total of 158 healthy overweight and obese women (age, 48.0+/-4.5 y; BMI, 31.0+/-3.8 kg/m(2); body fat, 44.5+/-5.3%). Subjects participated in a 16-week lifestyle weight loss program consisting of group-based behavior therapy to improve diet and increase physical activity, and were followed for 1 y after treatment. At baseline, all women completed a comprehensive behavioral and psychosocial battery assessing dieting/weight history, dietary intake and eating behaviors, exercise, self-efficacy, outcome evaluations, body image, and other variables considered relevant for weight management. Participants who maintained a weight loss of 5% or more at 16 months (or 10% or more of initial fat mass) were classified as successful. Nonsuccessful participants were those who dropped out and completers who had not lost weight at follow-up. Of all participants, 30% (n=47) did not complete initial treatment and/or missed follow-up assessments (noncompleters). Noncompletion was independently associated with more previous weight loss attempts, poorer quality of life, more stringent weight outcome evaluations, and lower reported carbohydrate intake at baseline. In logistic regression, completion status was predicted correctly in 84% of all cases (chi(2)=45.5, P<0.001), using baseline information only. Additional predictors of attrition were initial weight, exercise minutes, fiber intake, binge eating, psychological health, and body image. A large variation in weight loss/maintenance results was observed (range: 37.2 kg for 16-month weight change). Independent baseline predictors of success at 16 months were more moderate weight outcome evaluations, lower level of previous dieting, higher exercise self-efficacy, and smaller waist-to-hip ratio. Success status at follow-up was predicted correctly in 74% of all starting cases (chi(2)=33.6, P<0.001). Psychosocial and behavioral variables (eg, dieting history, dietary intake, outcome evaluations, exercise self-efficacy, and quality of life) may be useful as pretreatment predictors of success level and/or attrition in previously overweight and mildly obese women who volunteer for behavioral weight control programs. These factors can be used in developing readiness profiles for weight management, a potentially important tool to address the issue of low success/completion rates in the current management of obesity.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Adriana Bernardino: adriana.n.bernardino@gmail.com

Raquel Rosas: rrosas@ispa.pt

Ana Tapadinhas: ana.tapadinhas@gmail.com

Isabel Leal: ileal@ispa.pt

Journal

Journal ID (publisher-id): PCH

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Psychol Community Health

Title: Psychology, Community & Health

Abbreviated Title: Psychol. Community Health

Publisher: PsychOpen

ISSN (Electronic): 2182-438X

Publication date (Electronic): 08 August 2016

Volume: 5

Issue: 2

Pages: 102-114

Affiliations

[a ]William James Center for Research, ISPA – Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Socias e da Vida, Lisbon, Portugal

[b ]Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Serviço de Psiquiatria de Adultos, Lisbon, Portugal

[3]ISCTE - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal

[4]CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal

[5]ISPA – Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal

Author notes

[* ]William James Center for Research, ISPA – Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Socias e da Vida. Rua Jardim do Tabaco, 34, 1149-041 Lisboa, Portugal. Phone: +351. 218811700; Fax: +351218860954. filipa_pimenta@ 123456ispa.pt

Article

Publisher ID: pch.v5i2.173

DOI: 10.5964/pch.v5i2.173

SO-VID: 39747dff-953f-494f-9c1c-fb2e0afbe52a

License:

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Satisfação com o Suporte Social e Perda de Peso — Estudo Transversal Translated title: Satisfaction With Social Support and Weight Loss — A Cross-Sectional Study

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Abstract

Objetivo

Método

Resultados

Conclusão

Translated abstract

Related collections

PsychOpen

Most cited references 41

Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.

Using self-determination theory to promote physical activity and weight control: a randomized controlled trial in women.

Pretreatment predictors of attrition and successful weight management in women.

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