Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS ONE
Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
Journal ID (pmc): plosone
Title:
PLoS ONE
Publisher:
Public Library of Science
(San Francisco, CA USA
)
ISSN
(Electronic):
1932-6203
Publication date
(Electronic):
14
July
2016
Publication date Collection: 2016
Volume: 11
Issue: 7
Electronic Location Identifier: e0145673
Affiliations
[1
]Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal,
Virginia, United States of America
[2
]AWARE Institute, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
[3
]Lincoln Children’s Zoo, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
[4
]Portland, OR, United States of America
University of Tasmania, AUSTRALIA
Author notes
Competing Interests: JLB, SP, NP-O and KM are employed by Smithsonian National Zoological Park (an AZA-accredited
zoo). Author KM was employed by Lincoln Children’s Zoo (an AZA-accredited zoo) at
the time of the study. KC was employed by Honolulu Zoo (an AZA-accredited zoo) at
the time of the study. CM and JH are employed by AWARE Institute. AWARE Institute
is a commercial entity founded by CM in 2014 and provides animal welfare assessment,
research and education services to zoos and aquariums. These interests do not alter
the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
Conceived and designed the experiments: JLB KC. Performed the experiments: JLB SP
NP-O KM. Analyzed the data: CM JNH KM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools:
JLB SP NP-O. Wrote the paper: JLB CM KC.
‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.
Article
Publisher ID:
PONE-D-15-21792
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145673
PMC ID: 4945061
PubMed ID: 27416141
SO-VID: 39d62f79-823b-4f2c-b6f0-f3d14500f6c2
License:
This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced,
distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any
lawful purpose. The work is made available under the
Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication.
Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000208, Institute of Museum and Library Services;
Funding for this work was provided by a National Leadership Grant to the Honolulu
Zoological Society from the Institute of Museum and Library Services (
www.imls.gov) grant number: LG-25-10-0033-10. Employers provided financial support in the form
of authors' salaries as follows: Smithsonian National Zoological Park (JLB, SP, NP-O,
KM); Lincoln Children’s Zoo (KM); Honolulu Zoo (KC). After the IMLS-funded period
of performance (November 2010 – December 2013) AWARE Institute provided support in
the form of salaries for author CM and JH. The specific roles of these authors are
articulated in the ‘author contributions’ section. Neither the funders nor authors’
employers had any role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to
publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Subject:
Research Article
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Animals
Subject:
Vertebrates
Subject:
Amniotes
Subject:
Mammals
Subject:
Elephants
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Biochemistry
Subject:
Hormones
Subject:
Peptide Hormones
Subject:
Prolactin
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Behavior
Subject:
Animal Behavior
Subject:
Animal Sociality
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Zoology
Subject:
Animal Behavior
Subject:
Animal Sociality
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Physiology
Subject:
Physiological Processes
Subject:
Secretion
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Physiology
Subject:
Physiological Processes
Subject:
Secretion
Subject:
Physical Sciences
Subject:
Chemistry
Subject:
Chemical Compounds
Subject:
Organic Compounds
Subject:
Amines
Subject:
Catecholamines
Subject:
Dopamine
Subject:
Physical Sciences
Subject:
Chemistry
Subject:
Organic Chemistry
Subject:
Organic Compounds
Subject:
Amines
Subject:
Catecholamines
Subject:
Dopamine
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Biochemistry
Subject:
Neurochemistry
Subject:
Neurotransmitters
Subject:
Biogenic Amines
Subject:
Catecholamines
Subject:
Dopamine
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Neuroscience
Subject:
Neurochemistry
Subject:
Neurotransmitters
Subject:
Biogenic Amines
Subject:
Catecholamines
Subject:
Dopamine
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Biochemistry
Subject:
Hormones
Subject:
Catecholamines
Subject:
Dopamine
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Physiology
Subject:
Reproductive Physiology
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Physiology
Subject:
Reproductive Physiology
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Anatomy
Subject:
Endocrine System
Subject:
Pituitary Gland
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Anatomy
Subject:
Endocrine System
Subject:
Pituitary Gland
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Anatomy
Subject:
Nervous System
Subject:
Neuroanatomy
Subject:
Pituitary Gland
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Anatomy
Subject:
Nervous System
Subject:
Neuroanatomy
Subject:
Pituitary Gland
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Neuroscience
Subject:
Neuroanatomy
Subject:
Pituitary Gland
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Mental Health and Psychiatry
Subject:
Psychological Stress
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Psychology
Subject:
Psychological Stress
Subject:
Social Sciences
Subject:
Psychology
Subject:
Psychological Stress