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      Unna's boot: experience of care of people with venous ulcers Translated title: Bota de Unna: experiencia del cuidado de personas con úlcera varicosa Translated title: Bota de Unna: vivência do cuidado por pessoas com úlcera varicosa

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the experience of care of people with venous ulcers using an Unna's boot. Method: a qualitative study, based on the social phenomenology by Alfred Schütz, was carried out with 12 adults interviewed in 2015. The statements were analyzed and organized in thematic categories. Results: the following categories emerged: "Unna's boot annoyance versus wound improvement", "Difficulties for accessing care with the Unna's boot", "Care for healing and preventing recurrence", and "Receiving more attention from the healthcare professional". Conclusion: the experience of care of people using an Unna's boot revealed the annoyance caused by this device, which was overcome due to the wound improvement. However, access to care was compromised by the lack of structure at the service, frustrating the patients' expectations regarding wound healing. The issues of these people's intersubjective universe should be considered in the management of care of venous ulcers.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender la experiencia del cuidado de personas con úlcera varicosa utilizando la Bota de Unna. Método: estudio cualitativo, fundamentado en fenomenología social de Alfred Schütz, realizado con 12 adultos entrevistados en 2015. Testimonios analizados y organizados en categorías temáticas. Resultados: surgieron las categorías: "Incomodidad de la Bota de Unna versus mejora de la herida", "Dificultades para el acceso al cuidado con la Bota de Unna", "Cuidar para cicatrizar y prevenir recidivas" y "Recibir más atención del profesional de salud". Conclusión: la experiencia de cuidado de personas utilizando la Bota de Unna expresó la incomodidad del dispositivo, superado por la mejora de la herida. No obstante, el acceso al cuidado resultó comprometido por falta de estructura del servicio, frustrando expectativas de los participantes respecto a la cicatrización de la herida. Las cuestiones del universo intersubjetivo de estas personas deben considerarse en la gestión del cuidado de la úlcera varicosa.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO Objetivo: compreender a vivência de cuidado de pessoas com úlcera varicosa em uso da Bota de Unna. Método: estudo qualitativo fundamentado na fenomenologia social de Alfred Schütz, realizado com 12 adultos entrevistados em 2015. Os depoimentos foram analisados e organizados em categorias temáticas. Resultados: foram desveladas as categorias: "O incômodo da bota de Unna versus a melhora da ferida", "Dificuldades para o acesso ao cuidado com a Bota de Unna", "Cuidar para cicatrizar e prevenir recidivas" e "Receber mais atenção do profissional de saúde". Conclusão: a vivência de cuidado de pessoas em uso da Bota de Unna revelou o incômodo proporcionado por este dispositivo, superado pela melhora da ferida. Porém, o acesso ao cuidado foi comprometido pela falta de estrutura do serviço, frustrando as expectativas dos participantes em relação à cicatrização da ferida. As questões do universo intersubjetivo dessas pessoas devem ser consideradas na gestão do cuidado da úlcera varicosa.

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          Amostragem em pesquisas qualitativas: proposta de procedimentos para constatar saturação teórica

          A transparência metodológica na pesquisa qualitativa é fator que contribui para sua confiabilidade, devendo ser garantida pelos pesquisadores. A utilização do critério de fechamento amostral por saturação é freqüente, entretanto a maneira como este processo ocorreu é raramente explicitado nos relatórios de pesquisa. Dificuldades técnicas para uma constatação objetiva da saturação também são comuns entre os pesquisadores qualitativos. Neste texto, propõe-se um modo prático de organizar o trabalho de fechamento amostral por saturação, expondo uma seqüência de oito passos procedimentais de tratamento e análise de dados coletados em entrevistas não-dirigidas com questões abertas ou em grupos focais. Almeja-se contribuir para que os pesquisadores explicitem objetivamente o modo como a saturação ocorreu e, aos seus leitores, conhecer como se deu este processo.
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            Compression for venous leg ulcers.

            Up to one percent of people in industrialised countries will suffer from a leg ulcer at some time. The majority of these leg ulcers are due to problems in the veins, resulting in an accumulation of blood in the legs. Leg ulcers arising from venous problems are called venous (or varicose or stasis) ulcers. The main treatment is the application of a firm compression garment (bandage or stocking) in order to aid venous return. There is a large number of compression garments available and it was unclear whether they are effective in treating venous ulcers and, if so, which method of compression is the most effective. To undertake a systematic review of all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects on venous ulcer healing of compression bandages and stockings.Specific questions addressed by the review are:1. Does the application of compression bandages or stockings aid venous ulcer healing? 2. Which compression bandage or stocking system is the most effective? For this second update we searched: the Cochrane Wounds Group Specialised Register (31 May 2012); the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library Issue 5, 2012); Ovid MEDLINE (1950 to May Week 4 2012); Ovid MEDLINE (In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations 30 May 2012); Ovid EMBASE (1980 to 2012 Week 21); and EBSCO CINAHL (1982 to 30 May 2012). No date or language restrictions were applied. RCTs recruiting people with venous leg ulceration that evaluated any type of compression bandage system or compression stockings were eligible for inclusion. Eligible comparators included no compression (e.g. primary dressing alone, non-compressive bandage) or an alternative type of compression. RCTs had to report an objective measure of ulcer healing in order to be included (primary outcome for the review). SECONDARY OUTCOMES of the review included ulcer recurrence, costs, quality of life, pain, adverse events and withdrawals. There was no restriction on date, language or publication status of RCTs. Details of eligible studies were extracted and summarised using a data extraction table. Data extraction was performed by one review author and verified independently by a second review author. Forty-eight RCTs reporting 59 comparisons were included (4321 participants in total). Most RCTs were small, and most were at unclear or high risk of bias. Duration of follow-up varied across RCTs. Risk ratio (RR) and other estimates are shown below where RCTs were pooled; otherwise findings refer to a single RCT.There was evidence from eight RCTs (unpooled) that healing outcomes (including time to healing) are better when patients receive compression compared with no compression.Single-component compression bandage systems are less effective than multi-component compression for complete healing at six months (one large RCT).A two-component system containing an elastic bandage healed more ulcers at one year than one without an elastic component (one small RCT).Three-component systems containing an elastic component healed more ulcers than those without elastic at three to four months (two RCTs pooled), RR 1.83 (95% CI 1.26 to 2.67), but another RCT showed no difference between groups at six months.An individual patient data meta-analysis of five RCTs suggested significantly faster healing with the four-layer bandage (4LB) than the short stretch bandage (SSB): median days to healing estimated at 90 and 99 respectively; hazard ratio 1.31 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.58).High-compression stockings are associated with better healing outcomes than SSB at two to four months: RR 1.62 (95% CI 1.26 to 2.10), estimate from four pooled RCTs.One RCT suggested better healing outcomes at 16 months with the addition of a tubular device plus single elastic bandage to a base system of gauze and crepe bandages when compared with two added elastic bandages. Another RCT had three arms; when one or two elastic bandages were added to a base three-component system that included an outer tubular layer, healing outcomes were better at six months for the two groups receiving elastic bandages.There is currently no evidence of a statistically significant difference for the following comparisons:⋅alternative single-component compression bandages (two RCTs, unpooled);⋅two-component bandages compared with the 4LB at three months (three RCTs pooled);⋅alternative versions of the 4LB for complete healing at times up to and including six months (three RCTs, unpooled);⋅4LB compared with paste bandage for complete healing at three months (two RCTs, pooled), six months or one year (one RCT for each time point);⋅adjustable compression boots compared with paste bandages for the outcome of change in ulcer area at three months (one small RCT);⋅adjustable compression boots compared with the 4LB with respect to complete healing at three months (one small RCT);⋅single-layer compression stocking compared with paste bandages for outcome of complete healing at four months (one small RCT) and 18 months (another small RCT);⋅low compression stocking compared with SSB for complete healing at three and six months (one small RCT);⋅compression stockings compared with a two-component bandage system and the 4LB for the outcome of complete healing at three months (one small, three-armed RCT); and,⋅tubular compression compared with SSB (one small RCT) for complete healing at three months. 4LB was more cost-effective than SSB. It was not possible to draw firm conclusions regarding other secondary outcomes including recurrence, adverse events and health-related quality of life. Compression increases ulcer healing rates compared with no compression. Multi-component systems are more effective than single-component systems. Multi-component systems containing an elastic bandage appear to be more effective than those composed mainly of inelastic constituents. Two-component bandage systems appear to perform as well as the 4LB. Patients receiving the 4LB heal faster than those allocated the SSB. More patients heal on high-compression stocking systems than with the SSB. Further data are required before the difference between high-compression stockings and the 4LB can be established.
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              O percurso da linha do cuidado sob a perspectiva das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis

              Este trabalho caracteriza a linha do cuidado (LC) segundo as perspectivas micro e macropolíticas ou de gestão. Toma-se o exemplo das Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis (DCNT), pela sua magnitude, e suas características: doença de longa duração, demandando intensa atuação de cuidadores, projetos terapêuticos, acesso aos serviços e ações integradas. O trabalho discute a perspectiva da LC centrada no campo de necessidades dos usuários e pressupõe a existência do cuidador, uso da tecnologia leve, projeto terapêutico adequado, existência da rede de serviços que suporte as ações necessárias, o acesso aos recursos assistenciais disponíveis, além da atuação nos determinantes sociais e no processo regulatório. Discute-se o desenvolvimento de políticas de promoção, prevenção, vigilância e assistência de DCNT, articulando ações no campo da micropolítica e macropolítica, integrando intervenção nos determinantes sociais, legislação, tecnologias e instrumentos.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                reben
                Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem
                Rev. Bras. Enferm.
                Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem (Brasília, DF, Brazil )
                0034-7167
                1984-0446
                April 2017
                : 70
                : 2
                : 349-356
                Affiliations
                [1] São Paulo São Paulo orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo orgdiv1School of Nursing orgdiv2Postgraduate Program in Nursing Brazil
                Article
                S0034-71672017000200349 S0034-7167(17)07000200349
                10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0219
                3a24e49e-77a3-44d7-a72d-bdbae602d291

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 08 July 2016
                : 09 August 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 27, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Revista de Enfermagem

                Categories
                Research

                Bandagens Compressivas,Autocuidado,Doença Crônica,Enfermagem,Varicose Ulcer,Compression Bandages,Self Care,Chronic Disease,Nursing,Úlcera Varicosa,Vendajes de Compresión,Enfermedad Crónica,Enfermería

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