Effects of photobleaching on selected advanced glycation end products in the human lens

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Abstract

Background

Cataract is the leading cause of blindness, especially in the developing world. To ease access to treatment, we have proposed that cataract could be treated non-invasively by photobleaching of the chemically modified proteins responsible for cataract formation. The present study was aimed at examining the optical and biochemical effects of the proposed treatment.

Methods

Human donor lenses were photobleaced using a 445 nm cw laser. Lens optical quality was assessed before and after photobleaching by light transmission and scattering. The concentration of the advanced glycation end products (AGEs) pentosidine, argpyrimidine, carboxymethyllysine, hydroimidazolone was measured.

Results

Transmission increased and AGE-related fluorescence decreased significantly after photobleaching but no changes were observed in the concentration of the measured AGEs.

Conclusions

We found a significant effect of the photobleaching treatment on lens optical parameters but we could not associate the optical findings to a change in the concentration of the AGEs we measured. This finding suggests that other AGEs were responsible for the observed photobleaching of the human lens after laser treatment. The biochemical nature of the photochemical reactions associated with photobleaching remains to be elucidated.

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Most cited references 31

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Global data on visual impairment in the year 2002.

Serge Resnikoff, Donatella Pascolini, Daniel Etya'ale … (2004)

This paper presents estimates of the prevalence of visual impairment and its causes in 2002, based on the best available evidence derived from recent studies. Estimates were determined from data on low vision and blindness as defined in the International statistical classification of diseases, injuries and causes of death, 10th revision. The number of people with visual impairment worldwide in 2002 was in excess of 161 million, of whom about 37 million were blind. The burden of visual impairment is not distributed uniformly throughout the world: the least developed regions carry the largest share. Visual impairment is also unequally distributed across age groups, being largely confined to adults 50 years of age and older. A distribution imbalance is also found with regard to gender throughout the world: females have a significantly higher risk of having visual impairment than males. Notwithstanding the progress in surgical intervention that has been made in many countries over the last few decades, cataract remains the leading cause of visual impairment in all regions of the world, except in the most developed countries. Other major causes of visual impairment are, in order of importance, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and trachoma.

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Ageing and vision: structure, stability and function of lens crystallins.

Hans Bloemendal, Wilfried de Jong, Rainer Jaenicke … (2004)

The alpha-, beta- and gamma-crystallins are the major protein components of the vertebrate eye lens, alpha-crystallin as a molecular chaperone as well as a structural protein, beta- and gamma-crystallins as structural proteins. For the lens to be able to retain life-long transparency in the absence of protein turnover, the crystallins must meet not only the requirement of solubility associated with high cellular concentration but that of longevity as well. For proteins, longevity is commonly assumed to be correlated with long-term retention of native structure, which in turn can be due to inherent thermodynamic stability, efficient capture and refolding of non-native protein by chaperones, or a combination of both. Understanding how the specific interactions that confer intrinsic stability of the protein fold are combined with the stabilizing effect of protein assembly, and how the non-specific interactions and associations of the assemblies enable the generation of highly concentrated solutions, is thus of importance to understand the loss of transparency of the lens with age. Post-translational modification can have a major effect on protein stability but an emerging theme of the few studies of the effect of post-translational modification of the crystallins is one of solubility and assembly. Here we review the structure, assembly, interactions, stability and post-translational modifications of the crystallins, not only in isolation but also as part of a multi-component system. The available data are discussed in the context of the establishment, the maintenance and finally, with age, the loss of transparency of the lens. Understanding the structural basis of protein stability and interactions in the healthy eye lens is the route to solve the enormous medical and economical problem of cataract.

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Incidence of legal blindness from age-related macular degeneration in denmark: year 2000 to 2010.

Sara Brandi Bloch, Michael Larsen, Inger Munch (2012)

To report incidence rates of legal blindness from age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and other causes in Denmark from years 2000 to 2010 in the age group at risk of AMD aged 50 years and older. Population-based observational registry study. settings: Membership register of the Danish Association of the Blind, the primary admission criterion of which is best-corrected visual acuity 0.1 (20/200) or lower in a person's better-seeing eye. study population: A total of 11 848 incident cases of legal blindness from a population of citizens aged ≥50 years numbering 1.71 million in 2000 and 1.87 million in 2010 with free access to a single-payer public health care system. main outcome measures: Incidence rates of legal blindness from AMD from 2000 to 2010. The incidence rate of legal blindness attributable to AMD in citizens aged ≥50 years decreased from 52.2 cases per year per 100 000 in 2000 to 25.7 cases per year per 100 000 in 2010, corresponding to a reduction of 50% (95% confidence interval [CI(95)]: 45%-56%, P < .0001, adjusted for age), the bulk of the reduction occurring after 2006. The incidence of legal blindness from causes other than AMD decreased by 33% (CI(95): 21%-44%, P < .0001), most of the reduction occurring between 2000 and 2006. From 2000 to 2010 the incidence of legal blindness from AMD fell to half the baseline incidence. The bulk of the reduction occurred after the introduction of intravitreally injected inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor in 2006. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Thomas Holm: holm03@gmail.com

Cibin T Raghavan: cibin.thoppilraghavan@ucdenver.edu

Rooban Nahomi: rooban.nahomi@ucdenver.edu

Ram H Nagaraj: ram.nagaraj@ucdenver.edu

Line Kessel: line.kessel@dadlnet.dk

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Res Notes

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Res Notes

Title: BMC Research Notes

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1756-0500

Publication date (Electronic): 16 January 2015

Publication date PMC-release: 16 January 2015

Publication date Collection: 2015

Volume: 8

Issue: 1

Electronic Location Identifier: 5

Affiliations

[ ]Department of Ophthalmology, Glostrup Hospital, Ringvej 57, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark

[ ]Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio USA

[ ]Present address: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12800 East 19th Avenue, RC-1 North 5102, Aurora, CO 80045 USA

Article

Publisher ID: 977

DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-0977-3

PMC ID: 4302587

PubMed ID: 25592966

SO-VID: 3a4ede6c-fd38-4c1c-a789-627e1ab1074c

License:

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

History

Date received : 30 December 2014

Date accepted : 6 January 2015

Custom metadata

ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine

Keywords: advanced glycation end products,cataract,laser,treatment

Data availability:

ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine

Keywords: advanced glycation end products, cataract, laser, treatment

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Effects of photobleaching on selected advanced glycation end products in the human lens

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Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Related collections

Karger: Ophthalmology

Most cited references 31

Global data on visual impairment in the year 2002.

Ageing and vision: structure, stability and function of lens crystallins.

Incidence of legal blindness from age-related macular degeneration in denmark: year 2000 to 2010.

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Cited by 4

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