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      Excretion-secretion products and proteases from live Sporothrix schenckii yeast phase: immunological detection and cleavage of human IgG Translated title: Produtos da excreção-secreção e proteases da fase leveduriforme do Sporothrix schenckii: detecção imunológica e clivagem de IgG humana

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          Abstract

          Antigenic preparations from Sporothrix schenckii usually involve materials from mixed cultures of yeast and mycelia presenting cross-reactions with other deep mycoses. We have standardized pure yeast phase with high viability of the cells suitable to obtain specific excretion-secretion products without somatic contaminations. These excretion-secretion products were highly immunogenic and did not produce noticeable cross-reactions in either double immunodiffusion or Western blot. The antigenic preparation consists mainly of proteins with molecular weights between 40 and 70 kDa, some of them with proteolytic activity in mild acidic conditions. We also observed cathepsin-like activity at two days of culture and chymotrypsin-like activity at four days of culture consistent with the change in concentration of different secreted proteins. The proteases were able to cleave different subclasses of human IgG suggesting a sequential production of antigens and molecules that could interact and interfere with the immune response of the host.

          Translated abstract

          As preparações antigênicas de Sporothrix schenckii provêm geralmente de cultivos mistos de leveduras e micélios e apresentam reações cruzadas com outras micoses profundas. Foi padronizada a obtenção da fase leveduriforme pura, com alto índice de células viáveis, o que permite, por sua vez, obter produtos específicos da excreção-secreção sem contaminantes somáticos. Estes produtos da excreção-secreção são altamente imunogênicos, e não apresentam reações cruzadas visíveis em dupla difusão e sem Western blot. O preparado antigênico consiste principalmente em proteínas com peso molecular entre 40 e 70 kDa, sendo que algumas apresentam atividade proteolítica em meios levemente ácidos. Foi observada atividade do tipo catepsina em produtos da excreção-secreção obtidos a partir de leveduras de dois dias de cultivo, e atividade do tipo quimiotripsina aos quatro dias de cultivo, consistente com a mudança de concentração de proteínas secretadas. As proteases puderam clivar diferentes subclasses de IgG humanas, o que sugere uma produção seqüencial de antígenos e moléculas que podem interagir com a resposta imune do hospedeiro.

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          Cleavage of Structural Proteins during the Assembly of the Head of Bacteriophage T4

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            Antigen-antibody reactions in gels.

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              Fasciola hepatica: parasite-secreted proteinases degrade all human IgG subclasses: determination of the specific cleavage sites and identification of the immunoglobulin fragments produced.

              The study was focused on the relationship of Fasciola hepatica-secreted proteinases and human IgG subclasses. Each IgG was incubated at different pH values and lengths of time with either the adult parasite excretion-secretion products or the purified cysteinyl proteinases cathepsin L1 and cathepsin L2. The Ig fragments produced were isolated and characterized by Western blot analysis, and the specific cleavage sites were determined by amino acid sequence analysis. Parasite excretion-secretion products and both cathepsins L produced similar degradation patterns and cleaved all human IgG subclasses at the hinge region, yielding at pH 7.3 and 37 degrees C Fab and Fc fragments in the case of IgG1 and IgG3 or Fab(2) and Fc in IgG2 and IgG4. While IgG1 and IgG3 were readily degraded by E/S products either in the presence or in the absence of reducing agents, IgG2 and IgG4 were resistant to proteolysis and were only digested in the presence of 0.1 M dithiothreitol. The cathepsins L needed the presence of dithiothreitol to digest IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 whereas IgG3 was identically cleaved under both reducing and nonreducing conditions. The main cleavage sites produced by E/S products, CL1, or CL2 were located at the positions peptide bonds: His237-Thr238, Glu237-Cys239, Gly233-Asp234, and Ser241-Cys242 for gamma1, gamma2, gamma3, or gamma4, respectively. The enzymes gave additional splitting sites on the middle hinge of IgG3 to produce shorter Fc fragments and also produce Fd degradation of the IgG4. No cleavage specificity differences were found between CL1 and CL2, but they differed in the kinetics of IgG3 degradation. By lowering the pH, only the E/S products produced concomitant destruction of the Fc while preserving the Fab portion. Under all the conditions assayed the enzymes produced an Fc'-like fragment of 14-15 kDa corresponding to the whole CH3 domain of the immunoglobulin. Contrary to the extensive degradation produced by cathepsins on digested proteins, its actions on IgG subclasses were specific and restricted; thus, all the fragments produced could be potentially involved in the mechanisms used by the parasite to evade the host immune response. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rimtsp
                Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo
                Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo
                Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                1678-9946
                February 2009
                : 51
                : 1
                : 1-7
                Affiliations
                [02] Montevideo orgnameUniversidad de la República orgdiv1Facultad de Química orgdiv2Departamento de Inmunología Uruguay
                [03] New York NY orgnameNew York University orgdiv1Department of Neurology USA
                [01] Montevideo orgnameUniversidad de la República orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina orgdiv2Departamento de Parasitología y Micología Uruguay
                Article
                S0036-46652009000100001 S0036-4665(09)05100101
                10.1590/S0036-46652009000100001
                3a739f42-15a5-4c56-a138-4f9910eef778

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 24 November 2008
                : 26 November 2007
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 33, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Mycology

                Plant science & Botany
                Proteases,Human immunoglobulin,Excretion-secretion product,Sporothrix schenckii,Yeast phase

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