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      The Influence of Social Comparison on Visual Representation of One's Face

      research-article
      Author(s): 1 , * , 2
      Editor(s):
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: PLoS ONE
      Publisher: Public Library of Science

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          Abstract

          Can the effects of social comparison extend beyond explicit evaluation to visual self-representation—a perceptual stimulus that is objectively verifiable, unambiguous, and frequently updated? We morphed images of participants' faces with attractive and unattractive references. With access to a mirror, participants selected the morphed image they perceived as depicting their face. Participants who engaged in upward comparison with relevant attractive targets selected a less attractive morph compared to participants exposed to control images ( Study 1). After downward comparison with relevant unattractive targets compared to control images, participants selected a more attractive morph ( Study 2). Biased representations were not the products of cognitive accessibility of beauty constructs; comparisons did not influence representations of strangers' faces ( Study 3). We discuss implications for vision, social comparison, and body image.

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          Prototype-referenced shape encoding revealed by high-level aftereffects.

          D Leopold, A O'Toole, T Vetter … (2001)
          We used high-level configural aftereffects induced by adaptation to realistic faces to investigate visual representations underlying complex pattern perception. We found that exposure to an individual face for a few seconds generated a significant and precise bias in the subsequent perception of face identity. In the context of a computationally derived 'face space,' adaptation specifically shifted perception along a trajectory passing through the adapting and average faces, selectively facilitating recognition of a test face lying on this trajectory and impairing recognition of other faces. The results suggest that the encoding of faces and other complex patterns draws upon contrastive neural mechanisms that reference the central tendency of the stimulus category.
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            The role of the media in body image concerns among women: a meta-analysis of experimental and correlational studies.

            Shelly Grabe, L Ward, Janet Hyde (2008)
            Research suggests that exposure to mass media depicting the thin-ideal body may be linked to body image disturbance in women. This meta-analysis examined experimental and correlational studies testing the links between media exposure to women's body dissatisfaction, internalization of the thin ideal, and eating behaviors and beliefs with a sample of 77 studies that yielded 141 effect sizes. The mean effect sizes were small to moderate (ds = -.28, -.39, and -.30, respectively). Effects for some outcome variables were moderated by publication year and study design. The findings support the notion that exposure to media images depicting the thin-ideal body is related to body image concerns for women. (Copyright) 2008 APA, all rights reserved.
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              Robust representations for faces: evidence from visual search.

              F Tong, K. Nakayama (1999)
              We report evidence from visual search that people can develop robust representations for highly overlearned faces. When observers searched for their own face versus the face of an unfamiliar observer, search slopes and intercepts revealed consistently faster processing of self than stranger. These processing advantages persisted even after hundreds of presentations of the unfamiliar face and even for atypical profile and upside-down views. Observers not only showed rapid asymptotic recognition of their own face as the target, but could reject their own face more quickly as the distractor. These findings suggest that robust representations for a highly overlearned face may (a) mediate rapid asymptotic visual processing, (b) require extensive experience to develop, (c) contain abstract or view-invariant information, (d) facilitate a variety of processes such as target recognition and distractor rejection, and (e) demand less attentional resources.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                : Role: Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS ONE
                Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
                Journal ID (pmc): plosone
                Title: PLoS ONE
                Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, USA )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1932-6203
                Publication date Collection: 2012
                Publication date (Electronic): 25 May 2012
                Volume: 7
                Issue: 5
                Electronic Location Identifier: e36742
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, United States of America
                [2 ]Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
                Royal Holloway, University of London, United Kingdom
                Author notes

                Conceived and designed the experiments: EZ EB. Performed the experiments: EZ. Analyzed the data: EZ. Wrote the paper: EZ EB.

                Article
                Publisher ID: PONE-D-11-19270
                DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036742
                PMC ID: 3360758
                PubMed ID: 22662124
                SO-VID: 3aa53ab3-7ab4-4dd5-813c-fdde12e261d4
                Copyright © Zell, Balcetis. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
                History
                Date received : 11 September 2011
                Date accepted : 10 April 2012
                Page count
                Pages: 8
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
                Subject: Psychology
                Subject: Cognitive Psychology
                Subject: Experimental Psychology
                Subject: Human Relations
                Subject: Personality
                Subject: Sensory Perception
                Subject: Social Psychology
                Subject: Sociology
                Subject: Social Research
                Subject: Social Theory

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized
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                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized

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