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      Identification and determination of myriocin in Isaria cicadae and its allies by LTQ-Orbitrap-HRMS

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          ABSTRACT

          A hybrid linear ion trap-quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (LTQ-Orbitrap-HRMS) was used to qualitatively and quantitatively analyse the myriocin in Isaria cicadae and its allies. The samples were prepared with 95% methanol for 30 min by ultrasonic-assisted extraction. The target compound was purified by ODS solid-phase extraction (SPE) column. The enriched samples were identified by mass spectrometry. The results showed that the contents of myriocin in both wild and artificial Isaria cicadae were below the detection limit, while a strain of Ophiocordyceps longissima and Cordyceps cicadae Shing (Dujiaolong), both closely related to the Isaria cicadae, and its asexual mycelia are rich in myriocin. It suggests that it may be wrong to consider C. cicadae as I. cicadae’s teleomorph in Genbank or Mycobank in many published reports based on chemical classification, and the species rich in myriocin is probably not Isaria cicadae.

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          Fungal metabolites. Part 11. A potent immunosuppressive activity found in Isaria sinclairii metabolite.

          T. Fujita, K. Inoue, S. Yamamoto … (1994)
          A potent immunosuppressive activity was found in the culture broth of the fungus Isaria sinclairii (ATCC 24400). The metabolite, ISP-I ((2S,3R,4R)-(E)-2-amino-3,4-dihydroxy-2- hydroxymethyl-14-oxoeicos-6-enoic acid, myriocin = thermozymocidin) suppressed the proliferation of lymphocytes in mouse allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction, but had no effect on the growth of human tumor cell lines. It also suppressed the appearance of plaque-forming cells in response to sheep red blood cells and the generation of allo-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes in mice after intraperitoneal or oral administration. The metabolite was 10- to 100-fold more potent than cyclosporin A as an immunosuppressive agent of the immune response in vitro and in vivo, and appears to be a candidate for clinical application as a powerful immunosuppressant.
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            Cordyceps cicadae extracts ameliorate renal malfunction in a remnant kidney model.

            Rong-zheng Ran, Cai-Rong Zhu, Fei Zhong … (2011)
            Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing public health problem with an urgent need for new pharmacological agents. Cordyceps cicadae is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and has potential renoprotective benefits. The current study aimed to determine any scientific evidence to support its clinical use. We analyzed the potential of two kinds of C. cicadae extract, total extract (TE) and acetic ether extract (AE), in treating kidney disease simulated by a subtotal nephrectomy (SNx) model. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into seven groups: sham-operated group, vehicle-treated SNx, Cozaar, 2 g/(kg∙d) TE SNx, 1 g/(kg∙d) TE SNx, 92 mg/(kg∙d) AE SNx, and 46 mg/(kg∙d) AE SNx. Renal injury was monitored using urine and serum analyses, and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stainings were used to analyze the level of fibrosis. The expression of type IV collagen (Col IV), fibronectin (FN), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) was detected by immunohistochemistry. Renal injury, reflected in urine and serum analyses, and pathological changes induced by SNx were attenuated by TE and AE intervention. The depositions of Col IV and FN were also decreased by the treatments and were accompanied by reduced expression of TGF-β1 and CTGF. In some respects, 2 g/(kg∙d) of TE produced better effects than Cozaar. For the first time, we have shown that C. cicadae may inhibit renal fibrosis in vivo through the TGF-β1/CTGF pathway. Therefore, we conclude that the use of C. cicadae could provide a rational strategy for combating renal fibrosis.
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              Immunomodulatory functions of extracts from the Chinese medicinal fungus Cordyceps cicadae.

              Shu-Cheng Weng, Cheng-Jen Chou, Lie-Chwen Lin … (2002)
              The effects of Cordyceps cicadae extracted fractions on human mononuclear cells (HMNC) proliferation were determined by tritiated thymidine uptake. The results indicated that aqueous methanol (50%) extracts of C. cicadae ascocarps portion (CC-1-2) enhanced HMNC proliferation activated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) with an EC(50) of 13.8+/-4.6 micro g/ml. By contrast, the methanol (100%) extracts of C. cicadae insect-body portion (CC-2-1) suppressed HMNC proliferation stimulated by PHA with an IC(50) of 32.5+/-5.2 micro g/ml. Cell viability test indicated that inhibitory effects of CC-2-1 on HMNC proliferation were not through direct cytotoxicity. The action mechanisms of CC-1-2 and CC-2-1 may involve the regulation of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production in HMNC. Since CC-2-1 suppressed IL-2 and IFN-gamma production in HMNC induced with PHA. The CC-1-2 enhanced IL-2 and IFN-gamma production of HMNC stimulated with PHA in a concentration dependent manner. Therefore, the results demonstrated that C. cicadae contained growth modulators for HMNC.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Mycology
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Mycology
                Journal ID (publisher-id): TMYC
                Journal ID (publisher-id): tmyc20
                Title: Mycology
                Publisher: Taylor & Francis
                ISSN (Print): 2150-1203
                ISSN (Electronic): 2150-1211
                Publication date Collection: 2017
                Publication date (Electronic): 03 October 2017
                Volume: 8
                Issue: 4 , Cordycipitoid fungi
                Pages: 286-292
                Affiliations
                [a ]School of Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Product, Anhui Medical University , Hefei, China
                [b ]Zhejiang BioAsia Institute of Life Sciences , Pinghu, China
                [c ]Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Control, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei, China
                Author notes
                Article
                Publisher ID: 1383319
                DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2017.1383319
                PMC ID: 6059042
                PubMed ID: 30123648
                SO-VID: 3abf5861-450a-4c55-b810-1ed0d2f5804d
                Copyright © © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 21 August 2017
                Date accepted : 19 September 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 1, References: 19, Pages: 7
                Funding
                Funded by: National Natural Science Foundation of China 10.13039/501100001809
                Award ID: Grant No. 30570004
                Funded by: the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program)
                Award ID: Grant No. 2007AA021506
                This work was supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) [Grant No. 2007AA021506]; the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China [Grant No. 30570004].
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                Keywords: isaria cicadae,myriocin,determination,lc-ms,ltq-obitrap-hrms
                Data availability:
                Keywords: isaria cicadae, myriocin, determination, lc-ms, ltq-obitrap-hrms

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