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      Exposición química y síntomas dérmicos y respiratorios en estilistas del sector informal de Palmira 2020 Translated title: Chemical exposure and dermal and respiratory symptoms in hairstylists in the informal sector in Palmira 2020

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción: Los productos cosméticos utilizados en los tratamientos de belleza contienen diferentes sustancias químicas toxicas irritantes y cancerígenas como el formaldehido, clasificado por la Agencia Internacional de Investigación sobre el Cáncer IARC (siglas en inglés) como tipo 2, probablemente cancerígeno en humanos (1) ; y el amoniaco también clasificado como cancerígeno por el Instituto Nacional para la Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional NIOSH (2) (siglas en inglés) , los cuales pueden ingresar al organismo por inhalación, vía oral, contacto en globo ocular y contacto con la piel produciendo diferentes síntomas clínicos en los estilistas. Objetivo: Identificar la exposición química y los síntomas relacionados en estilistas del sector informal del municipio de Palmira Colombia. Método: Se evaluaron las características de la población con una encuesta sociodemográfica de elaboración propia, las características de exposición química en los salones de belleza con el cuestionario de evaluación cualitativa Stoffenmanager, y los síntomas en la piel, mucosa ocular y vía aérea superior de los estilistas con el cuestionario nórdico de enfermedades cutáneas de origen profesional NOSQ-2002/SHORT. Las peluquerías fueron seleccionadas al azar de un universo de 35 peluquerías clasificadas según el número de trabajadores. Resultados: Las condiciones de exposición a químicos se evaluaron en 12 peluquerías, la exposición por inhalación fue alta en el proceso de alisado; la exposición dérmica por contacto fue alta en el alisado y en la coloración , y fue muy alta en la decoloración; la exposición dérmica por absorción fue alta en la coloración y muy alta en el alisado y la decoloración. Los síntomas dérmicos y respiratorios se evaluaron en 64 estilistas, encontrando síntomas dérmicos en el 51,6 % , y síntomas respiratorios en el 60,9 %. Conclusiones: El mayor peligro por exposición químico estaba en el proceso de alisado. Los síntomas de los estilistas se relacionan con la frecuencia de exposición a estos químicos.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction: Cosmetic products used in beauty treatments contain different irritating toxic chemicals and carcinogens such as formaldehyde, classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer I.A.R.C. as type 2, probably carcinogenic in humans(1); and ammonia also classified as carcinogenic by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH(2), which can enter the body through inhalation, oral route, eye contact and skin contact producing different clinical symptoms in stylists. Objective: To identify chemical exposure and related symptoms in hairdressers in the informal sector in Palmira, Colombia. Method: The characteristics of the population were assessed with a self-made sociodemographic survey, the characteristics of chemical exposure in the salons with the Stoffenmanager qualitative assessment questionnaire, and the symptoms in the skin, ocular mucosa and upper airway of the hairdressers with the Nordic questionnaire of occupational skin diseases NOSQ-2002/SHORT. The hairdressers were randomly selected from a universe of 35 hairdressers classified into three strata according to the number of workers. Results: Chemical exposure conditions were evaluated in 12 hairdressers, finding that inhalation exposure was high in the straightening process; dermal contact exposure was high in straightening and coloring, and very high in bleaching; dermal exposure by absorption was high for coloring and very high for smoothing and bleaching. Dermal and respiratory symptoms were evaluated in 64 stylists, finding dermal symptoms in 51.6%, and respiratory symptoms in 60.9%. Conclusions: The greatest chemical exposure hazard was found to be in the straightening process. Stylists’ symptoms are related to the frequency of exposure to these chemicals.

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          Occupational Respiratory and Musculoskeletal Symptoms among Egyptian Female Hairdressers.

          Hairdressing is associated with exposure to a variety of harmful agents which have been linked to respiratory and musculoskeletal disorders in hairdressers. This study aimed to identify respiratory and musculoskeletal disorders in hairdressers compared to office workers. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 80 female hairdressers and 50 matched controls. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on personal and occupational data, hairdressing activities, the presence of respiratory symptoms and the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in the past 12 months. Reported symptoms were compared between hairdressers and controls. The associations between self-reported symptoms and hairdressing activities were investigated. Hairdressers were more likely to report symptoms than controls particularly for those who were older, with higher body mass index and longer duration of work as hairdresser. There were significant associations between frequent hair treatments (bleaching, dye and wave) and hand dermatitis (P < 0.001), running nose (P < 0.05), eye irritation (P < 0.01) and phlegm (P < 0.05). Elbow pain and shoulder and back pain were the most prevalent musculoskeletal pains in the past 12 months (13.8 and 12.5% respectively), back and knee pains were the most frequent chronic pain (7.5%), hand and wrist pain led 12.5% of hairdressers to visit a doctor and shoulder pain and back pain indicated a period of sickness absence in 13.8% of hairdressers. Musculoskeletal disorders were associated with manual handling, prolonged standing, strenuous shoulder movements and awkward body posture. Hairdressing is associated with increased risk to respiratory and musculoskeletal disorders due to adverse work conditions.
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            Hairdressers are exposed to high concentrations of formaldehyde during the hair straightening procedure.

            The fact that hairdressers are exposed to toxic substances through the handling of creams and smoothing products prompted this study whose aim was to quantify the occupational exposure of hairdressers to formaldehyde by comparing the results of exposure for different types of beauty salon. The study population consisted of 23 beauty salons located in the city of Bauru, São Paulo state, Brazil. The samples were collected by inhaled air tests during the most critical 15-min period of the hair straightening procedure and during the 8-h work shift. The concentrations of formaldehyde contained in the formulations of these products were also evaluated and compared with exposure levels. The results were evaluated according to the exposure limits prescribed in Brazilian (NR15) and North American (US OSHA and US NIOSH) standards. The analysis of the smoothing products showed concentrations of formaldehyde of between 3 and 11% in their compositions, i.e., up to 54 times above the 0.2% limit allowed by the National Agency of Sanitary Surveillance (ANVISA). The present study showed that hairdressers are chronically exposed to high concentrations of formaldehyde in the workplace and these exposures are mainly associated with the work process, where many variables of this process influence the intensity of exposure.
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              Incidence of skin and respiratory diseases among Danish hairdressing apprentices.

              Hairdressing is one of the professions with the highest risk of occupational skin and respiratory diseases. The incidence of these diseases in hairdressing apprentices has been studied only sparsely.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                mesetra
                Medicina y Seguridad del Trabajo
                Med. segur. trab.
                Escuela Nacional de Medicina del Trabajo. Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0465-546X
                1989-7790
                December 2021
                : 67
                : 265
                : 266-277
                Affiliations
                [1] Cali Valle del Cauca orgnameUniversidad del Valle orgdiv1Facultad de Salud orgdiv2Escuela de Salud Pública Colombia
                [2] Cali Valle del Cauca orgnameUniversidad del Valle orgdiv1Facultad de Salud orgdiv2Escuela de Salud Pública Colombia
                Article
                S0465-546X2021000400266 S0465-546X(21)06726500266
                10.4321/s0465-546x2021000400003
                3b1522a0-5d2b-452c-a9c5-8a9eb36fb1e8

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 10 November 2021
                : 28 September 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 28, Pages: 12
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Originales

                salón de belleza,Peluquero,chemical risk,occupational health,informal sector,beauty salon,Hairdresser,riesgo químico,salud ocupacional,sector informal

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