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      Porfiria Congénita Eritropoyética en la Argentina: 4 niños y un caso de manifestación tardía Translated title: Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria in Argentina: 4 children and one late onset case

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          Abstract

          Las porfirias son la consecuencia de fallas en el metabolismo del hemo. La Porfiria Congénita Eritropoyética (PCE) (enfermedad de Günther) es una porfiria cutánea rara que se transmite en forma autosómica recesiva. Se produce debido a la presencia de mutaciones en el gen de la uroporfirinógeno III sintetasa (UROIII-S) que llevan a una marcada disminución de su actividad y a la producción y acumulación de elevadas cantidades de porfirinas de la serie isomérica I en plasma, tejidos y huesos, responsables de la severa sintomatología cutánea que generalmente presentan los pacientes con esta porfiria. Se han descripto sólo alrededor de 200 casos a nivel mundial. Su expresión clínica es muy heterogénea, encontrándose desde casos muy graves con severo compromiso cutáneo, transfusión-dependiente, hasta casos leves con escasa sintomatología cutánea. Se presentan 5 casos de pacientes argentinos con PCE, 4 infantiles y uno de manifestación tardía, diagnosticados en el Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP), que constituyen, hasta el momento, los únicos registrados en Argentina. Se encontraron elevadas cantidades de porfirinas en plasma, sangre, orina y materia fecal y un patrón de porfirinas con predominio de la serie I. La actividad de la UROIII-S estaba reducida en un 25-44% con respecto al valor normal. El diagnóstico certero y precoz de esta porfiria es fundamental para aplicar tempranamente el tratamiento adecuado en cada caso y brindarle al paciente una mejor calidad de vida.

          Translated abstract

          Porphyrias are metabolism disorders caused by a partial deficiency in one of the heme biosynthetic pathway enzymes. Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria, also termed Günther disease, is extremely rare and is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait that results from the markedly deficient activity of the fourth enzyme in the heme biosynthetic pathway, Uroporphyrinogen III synthase (UROIII-S). This enzyme deficiency leads to an increased production and accumulation of the nonphysiological and phototoxic type I porphyrins responsible for the typical clinical manifestations. The disease severity is markedly heterogeneous, ranging from severe transfusion dependency throughout life to milder adult cases with only cutaneous photosensitivity. Only 200 cases have been described all over the world so far. In this work five Argentinean CEP patients are presented, 4 infantile and one late onset case, diagnosed in the CIPYP which are, as far as it is known, the only cases described in Argentina. Increased amounts of porphyrins were found in plasma, blood, urine and faeces, together with high amounts of the pathogenic type I isomer. Enzyme activity was reduced to 25-44% respect to normal values. Early diagnosis is important for correct treatment so as to prevent the characteristic mutilation of the disease and to improve patient´s life quality.

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          Biosynthesis of the pigments of life: formation of the macrocycle.

          The organic nuclei of chlorophylls, haems, cytochromes and vitamin B12 are biosynthesised from a single tetrapyrrolic intermediate which has an unexpected, rearranged structure. The mechanism of biosynthesis of this key intermediate has now been characterised in detail. Some of the information thereby obtained is also of use in the investigation of human diseases such as the porphyrias.
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            Congenital erythropoietic porphyria: advances in pathogenesis and treatment.

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              Complete suppression of the symptoms of congenital erythropoietic porphyria by long-term treatment with high-level transfusions.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                abcl
                Acta bioquímica clínica latinoamericana
                Acta bioquím. clín. latinoam.
                Federación Bioquímica de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina )
                0325-2957
                1851-6114
                September 2007
                : 41
                : 3
                : 359-367
                Affiliations
                [01] Buenos Aires orgnameConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas orgdiv1Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP) Argentina.
                Article
                S0325-29572007000300010
                3b17e769-494a-4786-a9fc-75f3da9c6501

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

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                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 34, Pages: 9
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                SciELO Argentina


                uroporphyrinogen III synthase,uroporfirinógeno III sintetasa,Porfiria Congénita Eritropoyética,porfiria,porfirinas,hemo,Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria,porphyrias,porphyrins,heme

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