For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
28
views
45
references
 Top references
cited by
35
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      637
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Risk Factors of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Survivors after the 512 Wenchuan Earthquake in China

      research-article
      Author(s): 1 , 2 , *
      Editor(s):
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: PLoS ONE
      Publisher: Public Library of Science

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          This study investigated the psychological reactions of survivors of the 512 Wenchuan earthquake in China and the risk factors associated with those reactions. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), Type D Scale-14 (DS14), a self-developed trauma experience questionniare, and a demographic questionnaire were administered to 956 earthquake survivors (389 males and 567 females) in Mianzhu, one of the cities most affected by the earthquake. The results showed that postraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms affected 84.8% of survivors one to two months after the earthquake. Significant risk factors associated with PTSD symptoms included: (1) being female; (2) older age; (3) higher exposure to traumatic events during the earthquake; and (4) negative affect in Type-D personality.

          Related collections

          Most cited references45

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          DS14: standard assessment of negative affectivity, social inhibition, and Type D personality.

          Johan Denollet (2005)
          Type D personality-a joint tendency toward negative affectivity (NA) and social inhibition (SI)-is related to poor cardiac prognosis, but there is no standard for assessing Type D. This study reports on the Type D Scale-14 (DS14) as a standard measure of NA, SI, and Type D. The study included 3813 participants (2508 from the general population, 573 cardiac patients, 732 hypertension patients). They all filled out the DS14, containing 7-item NA and SI subscales; 275 subjects also completed the NEO-FFI, and 121 patients filled out the DS14 twice. Factor analysis of the DS14 yielded 2 dominant traits; all of the NA and SI items loaded between 0.62 to 0.82 on their corresponding factor (N = 3678). The NA scale covered dysphoria, worry, and irritability; the SI scale covered discomfort in social interactions, reticence, and lack of social poise. The NA and SI scales were internally consistent (alpha = 0.88/0.86; N = 3678), stable over a 3-month period (test-retest r = 0.72/0.82) and not dependent on mood and health status (N = 121). NA correlated positively with neuroticism (r = 0.68); SI correlated negatively with extraversion (r = -0.59/-0.65). Scale-level factor analysis confirmed the construct validity of the DS14 against the NEO-FFI. Using a cutoff of 10 (NA > or =10 and SI > or =10), 1027 subjects (28%) were classified as Type D, 21% in the general population versus 28% in coronary heart disease and 53% in hypertension (p < or = .001). Age, sex, and Type D (odds ratio, 3.98; 95% confidence interval, 3.2-4.6; p <.0001) were independently associated with cardiovascular morbidity. The DS14 is a brief, psychometrically sound measure of negative affectivity and social inhibition that could readily be incorporated in epidemiologic and clinical research.
          Article 0 comments Cited 339 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Psychometric properties of the Impact of Event Scale - Revised.

            Mark Creamer, Mark Creamer, Salvina Failla (2003)
            This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Impact of Event Scale -- Revised (IES-R) in two samples of male Vietnam veterans: a treatment-seeking sample with a confirmed posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis (N = 120) and a community sample with varying levels of traumatic stress symptomatolgy (N = 154). The scale showed high internal consistency (alpha = 0.96). Confirmatory factor analysis did not provide support for a three-factor solution corresponding to the three subscales of intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal. Exploratory factor analysis suggested that either a single, or a two-factor solution (intrusion/hyperarousal and avoidance), provide the best account of date. However, correlations among the subscales were higher in the community sample than in the treatment sample, suggesting that the IES-R may be sensitive to a more general construct of traumatic stress in those with lower symptom levels. The correlation between the IES-R and the PTSD Checklist was high (0.84) and a cutoff of 1.5 (equivalent to a total score of 33) was found to provide the best diagnostic accuracy.
            Article 0 comments Cited 136 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety among adolescents following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China.

              Fang Fan, Ying. Zhang, Yanyun Yang … (2011)
              This study examined the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression among 2,250 adolescents 6 months after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China. Results showed that 15.8%, 40.5%, and 24.5% of participants reported clinical symptoms of PTSD, anxiety, and depression, respectively. Posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and depression were highly comorbid. Risk factors for symptoms of the 3 disorders were female gender, older age, and earthquake disaster exposure. In addition, the interaction effects of residence (urban/rural) and number of siblings of study subjects on symptoms of the 3 disorders were examined. Implications of findings on intervention and prevention of mental health problems among adolescents after experiencing earthquake disasters are discussed. Copyright © 2011 International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies.
              Article 0 comments Cited 72 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                : Role: Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
                Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
                Journal ID (pmc): plosone
                Title: PLoS ONE
                Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, USA )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1932-6203
                Publication date Collection: 2011
                Publication date (Electronic): 25 July 2011
                Volume: 6
                Issue: 7
                Electronic Location Identifier: e22371
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Associate Professor, Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
                [2 ]Professor, Department of Applied Social Studies, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
                Wayne State University, United States of America
                Author notes

                Conceived and designed the experiments: YZ. Performed the experiments: YZ. Analyzed the data: SMYH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SMYH YZ. Wrote the paper: SMYH YZ.

                Article
                Publisher ID: PONE-D-11-02894
                DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022371
                PMC ID: 3143136
                PubMed ID: 21799838
                SO-VID: 3bb0bcf0-d971-4cb3-8437-8244eb6a2430
                Copyright © Zhang, Ho. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
                History
                Date received : 7 February 2011
                Date accepted : 22 June 2011
                Page count
                Pages: 6
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Subject: Medicine
                Subject: Mental Health
                Subject: Psychiatry
                Subject: Anxiety Disorders
                Subject: Psychology
                Subject: Behavior
                Subject: Adjustment (Psychology)
                Subject: Psychological Stress
                Subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
                Subject: Psychology
                Subject: Behavior
                Subject: Adjustment (Psychology)
                Subject: Clinical Psychology
                Subject: Psychological Stress

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content637

                See all similar

                Cited by33

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors242

                See all reference authors