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      Relación de la radiación solar con la producción de plantas: agroproductivas Translated title: Relationship between solar radiation and plant production: agro-productive plants

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          Abstract

          Resumen En la galaxia están presentes el Sol y la Tierra, en la que, existen diversos organismos, como las plantas. El propósito del estudio, es enfatizar la relación y el rol de la radiación solar en la producción en sistemas agroproductivos, como es el caso, de la producción de hortalizas bajo invernadero, conjuntamente su entorno y los fenómenos químicos y físicos. Por tanto, se ha logrado, obtener información sobre el rol de la luz, el dióxido de carbono y el agua en la fotosíntesis, y por consiguientemente, en la producción de plantas que están condicionados, a su ubicación en el planeta Tierra, respecto a latitud y longitud, y a los efectos de las variaciones del clima en el mundo. Una de las relevancias, es la variabilidad de la tasa de la fotosíntesis, que es vital, para la producción de plantas, a través del consumo, de dióxido de carbono. Por otra, se ha verificado, la correlación de las reacciones químicas y los fenómenos físicos, en los procesos de la fotosíntesis y la generación de biomasa. También, se ha encontrado, un análisis de requerimiento de la radiación solar, en cultivos hortícolas en Holanda, España y México. Asimismo, se revisó, algunas referencias de la presencia, del efecto invernadero, el cambio climático en Bolivia y la producción en invernaderos en el altiplano.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract The Sun and the Earth are present in the galaxy, in which there are several organisms, such as plants. The purpose of the study is to emphasize the relationship and the role of solar radiation in the production of agricultural production systems, as is the case of greenhouse vegetable production, together with its environment and chemical and physical phenomena. Therefore, it has been possible to obtain information on the role of light, carbon dioxide and water in photosynthesis, and consequently, in the production of plants that are conditioned to their location on the planet Earth, with respect to latitude and longitude, and the effects of climate variations in the world. One relevance is the variability of the rate of photosynthesis, which is vital for plant production through the consumption of carbon dioxide. On the other hand, the correlation of chemical reactions and physical phenomena in the processes of photosynthesis and biomass generation has been verified. Also, an analysis of solar radiation requirements in horticultural crops in Holland, Spain and Mexico has been found. Likewise, some references on the presence of the greenhouse effect, climate change in Bolivia and greenhouse production in the altiplano were reviewed.

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          Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit growth and ripening as related to the biomechanical properties of fruit skin and isolated cuticle.

          The control of growth rate and the mechanical integrity of the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit has been attributed to the exocarp. This study focused on the biomechanics of the fruit skin (FS) comprising cuticle, epidermis and a few subdermal cell layers, and the enzymatically isolated cuticular membrane (CM) during fruit growth and ripening. Morphology and mechanical properties of the FS and the CM of three cultivars were analysed separately at three distinct ripening stages by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and one-dimensional tension testing, respectively. Both were subject to significant cultivar-specific changes. Thickness of the CM increased during ripening from 7.8-8.6 to 9.9-15.7 microm and exceeded by far that of the epidermal cell wall. The mechanical properties, such as modulus of elasticity, strength, and failure strain, were highest in the FS for all cultivars at any stage, with only one exception; however, the cuticle largely mirrored these properties throughout fruit maturation. Stiffness of both isolated CM and FS increased from immature to fully ripe fruits for all cultivars, while failure stress and failure strain displayed a tendency to decrease for two of them. Stress-strain behaviour of the CM could be described as strain softening, mostly linear elastic throughout, and strain hardening, and was subject to growth-related changes. The FS displayed strain hardening throughout. The results indicate evidence for the cuticle to become increasingly important as a structural component for the integrity of the tomato fruit in addition to the epidermis. A supplementary putative model for tomato fruit growth is proposed.
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            An Introduction to Solar Radiation

            (1983)
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              Measurements of Ultra-Violet Solar Radiation

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                riiarn
                Revista de Investigación e Innovación Agropecuaria y de Recursos Naturales
                RIIARn
                Universidad Mayor de San Andrés:; Facultad de Agronomía (La Paz, , Bolivia )
                2409-1618
                April 2022
                : 9
                : 1
                : 48-62
                Affiliations
                Article
                S2409-16182022000100048 S2409-1618(22)00900100048
                10.53287/oqym7033yy88k
                3d03ba47-1409-4a4c-b6d0-85c9c37b4be6

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 04 February 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 67, Pages: 15
                Product

                SciELO Bolivia

                Categories
                ARTÍCULOS DE REVISIÓN

                Altiplano,solar radiation,light,photosynthesis,energy,Bolivia,radiación solar,luz,fotosíntesis,energía

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