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      Polish Translation and Validation of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory and the Tinnitus Functional Index

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          Abstract

          Objective: The need for validated measures enabling clinicians to classify tinnitus patients according to the severity of tinnitus and screen the progress of therapies in our country led us to translate into Polish and to validate two tinnitus questionnaires, namely the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) and the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI).

          Design: The original English versions of the questionnaires were translated into Polish and translated back to English by three independent translators. These versions were then finalized by the authors into a Polish THI (THI-Pl) and a Polish TFI (TFI-Pl). Participants from three laryngological centers in Poland anonymously answered the THI-Pl ( N = 98) and the TFI-Pl ( N = 108) in addition to the Polish versions of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale as a measure of self-perceived level of depression, and the Satisfaction With Life Scale to assess self-perceived quality of life. Both were used to determine discriminant validity. Two Visual Analog Scales were used to measure tinnitus annoyance and tinnitus loudness in order to determine convergent validity.

          Results: Similar to the original version of the THI, the THI-Pl showed a high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.93). The exploratory factor analysis revealed that the questionnaire has a three-factorial structure that does not correspond to the original division for functional, catastrophic, and emotional subscales. Convergent and discriminant validities were confirmed. The TFI-Pl showed high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.96) with the reliability ranging from 0.82 to 0.95 for its different subscales. Factor analysis confirmed an eight-factorial structure with factors assigning all items to appropriate subscales reported in the original version of the questionnaire. Discriminant and convergent validities were also confirmed for the TFI-Pl.

          Conclusion: We translated and validated the Polish versions of the THI and the TFI to make them suitable for clinical use in Poland.

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          Most cited references35

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          Development of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory

          C Newman, G Jacobson, J. B. Spitzer (1996)
          To develop a self-report tinnitus handicap measure that is brief, easy to administer and interpret, broad in scope, and psychometrically robust.
          Article 0 comments Cited 344 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            A neurophysiological approach to tinnitus: clinical implications.

            P J Jastreboff, J Hazell (1993)
            This paper presents a neurophysiological approach to tinnitus and discusses its clinical implications. A hypothesis of discordant damage of inner and outer hair cells systems in tinnitus generation is outlined. A recent animal model has facilitated the investigation of the mechanisms of tinnitus and has been further refined to allow for the measurement of tinnitus pitch and loudness. The analysis of the processes involved in tinnitus detection postulates the involvement of an abnormal increase of gain within the auditory system. Moreover, it provides a basis for treating patients with hyperacusis, which we are considering to be a pre-tinnitus state. Analysis of the process of tinnitus perception allows for the possibility of facilitating the process of tinnitus habituation for the purpose of its alleviation. The combining of theoretical analysis with clinical findings has resulted in the creation of a multidisciplinary Tinnitus Centre. The foundation of the Centre focuses on two goals: the clinical goal is to remove tinnitus perception from the patient's consciousness, while directing research toward finding a mechanism-based method for the suppression of tinnitus generators and processes responsible for enhancement of tinnitus-related neuronal activity.
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              Tinnitus and depression.

              Berthold Langguth, Michael Landgrebe, Tobias Kleinjung … (2011)
              Depressive symptoms are common in individuals with tinnitus and may substantially aggravate their distress. The mechanisms, however, by which depression and tinnitus mutually interact are still not fully understood. Here we review neurobiological knowledge relevant for the interplay between depression and tinnitus. Neuroimaging studies confirm the existence of neural circuits that are activated both in depression and tinnitus. Studies of neuroendocrine function demonstrate alterations of the HPA-axis in depression and, more recently, in tinnitus. Studies addressing neurotransmission suggest that the dorsal cochlear nucleus that is typically hyperactive in tinnitus, is also involved in the control of attention and emotional responses via projections to the locus coeruleus, the reticular formation and the raphe nuclei. Impaired hippocampal neurogenesis has been documented in animals with tinnitus after noise trauma, as in animal models of depression. Finally, from investigations of human candidate genes, there is some evidence to suggest that variant BDNF may act as a common susceptibility factor in both disorders. These parallels in the pathophysiology of tinnitus and depression argue against comorbidity by chance and against depression as pure reaction on tinnitus. Instead, they stand for a complex interplay between tinnitus and depression. Implications for tinnitus treatment are discussed.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Front Psychol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Front Psychol
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Front. Psychol.
                Title: Frontiers in Psychology
                Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.
                ISSN (Electronic): 1664-1078
                Publication date (Electronic): 29 November 2016
                Publication date Collection: 2016
                Volume: 7
                Electronic Location Identifier: 1871
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Department of Logic and Cognitive Science, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań, Poland
                [2] 2ENT Department, University of Medical Sciences Poznań, Poland
                [3] 3ENT Private Practice Gdynia, Poland
                [4] 4Audiology and Phoniatrics Clinic, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine in Łódź Łódź, Poland
                [5] 5Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg Regensburg, Germany
                [6] 6Institute of Acoustics, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań, Poland
                [7] 7Department of Mathematics, University of Bergen Bergen, Norway
                Author notes

                Edited by: Thomas Probst, Witten/Herdecke University, Germany

                Reviewed by: Johannes Mander, University of Heidelberg, Germany; Maria Kleinstäuber, University of Marburg, Germany; Thomas Fuller, Maastricht University, Netherlands

                *Correspondence: Jan Bulla, jan.bulla@ 123456uib.no

                This article was submitted to Auditory Cognitive Neuroscience, a section of the journal Frontiers in Psychology

                Article
                DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01871
                PMC ID: 5126044
                PubMed ID: 27965609
                SO-VID: 3e1ab277-aedd-48ed-89b1-85b363df03bd
                Copyright © Copyright © 2016 Wrzosek, Szymiec, Klemens, Kotyło, Schlee, Modrzyńska, Lang-Małecka, Preis and Bulla.
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                Date received : 10 August 2016
                Date accepted : 14 November 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 8, Equations: 0, References: 53, Pages: 11, Words: 0
                Categories
                Subject: Psychology
                Subject: Original Research

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Keywords: tinnitus handicap inventory,thi,tinnitus functional index,tfi,polish,adaptation
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Keywords: tinnitus handicap inventory, thi, tinnitus functional index, tfi, polish, adaptation

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