There are many data on sexual problems subsequent to cancer and its treatment, although
the likelihood of problems in specific individuals depends on multiple variables.
To gain knowledge about the risks of sexual problems among persons with cancer and
to provide recommendations concerning their prevention and optimal treatment.
A committee of multidisciplinary specialists was formed as part of a larger International
Consultation working with urologic and sexual medicine societies over a 2-year period
to review the result of chronic illness management on sexual function and satisfaction.
The aims, goals, data collection techniques, and report format were defined by a central
committee.
Expert consensus was based on evidence-based medical and psychosocial literature review,
extensive group discussion, and an open presentation with a substantial discussion
period.
Cancer and cancer treatments have both direct and indirect effects on physiologic,
psychological, and interpersonal factors that can all impact negatively on sexual
function and satisfaction. Data on the likelihood of specific sexual problems occurring
with cancer and its management vary depending on prediagnosis function, patient response,
support from the treatment team, specific treatments used, proactive counseling, and
efforts to mitigate potential problems. This summary details available literature
concerning the pathophysiologic and psychological impacts of cancer diagnosis and
treatment on sexual function, plus recommendations for their prevention and management.
Cancer and its management have a significant negative impact on sexual function and
satisfaction. These negative effects can be somewhat mitigated by understanding prediagnosis
sexual functioning level, counseling, careful treatment choices, and, when indicated,
therapy post-treatment using educational, psychological, pharmacologic, and mechanical
modalities.