Hepatitis E virus infection in buffaloes in South China

There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

Abstract

ABSTRACT Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is an important global public health issue. HEV infections are recognized as a zoonotic disease. Swine are believed to be the main reservoir of HEV. Recently, yaks, cows, and yellow cattle have been reported as new reservoirs of HEV. However, whether other species of cattle and buffaloes are sensitive to HEV infection is unknown. To investigate the prevalence of HEV infection in buffaloes, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-nPCR) were performed. Only one buffalo was positive to anti-HEV IgM antibody (1/106, 0.94%), and none were positive for anti-HEV IgG antibody. To our surprise, five serum (5/106, 4.72%) and three milk samples (3/40, 7.50%) from buffaloes were positive to HEV RNA. All strains of HEV isolated from buffaloes belong to genotype 4. Results indicate that buffaloes may be a new reservoir of HEV.

Translated abstract

RESUMO Infecção com o vírus Hepatite E (HEV) é uma importante questão de saúde pública global. Infecções HEV são reconhecidas como doença zoológica. Acredita-se que suínos são o principal reservatório de HEV. Recentemente iaques, vacas, e gado amarelo foram reportados como novos reservatórios do HEV. Porém, não se sabe se outras espécies de gado e búfalo são sensíveis a infecção HEV. Para investigar a prevalência de infecção HEV em búfalos, foram realizados prova de imunoabsorção enzimática e polimerização em cadeia inversa ancorada em transcrição. Apenas um búfalo foi positivo para o anticorpo anti-HEV IgM (1/106, 0,94%), e nenhum foi positivo para o anticorpo anti-HEV IgG. Para nossa surpresa cinco (5/106, 4,72%) e três amostras de leite (3/40, 7,50%) de búfalos foram positivos para HEV RNA. Todas as estirpes de HEV isoladas de búfalos pertencem ao genótipo 4. Resultados indicam que búfalos podem ser um reservatório de HEV.

Related collections

Most cited references 16

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Hepatitis E and pregnancy: understanding the pathogenesis.

Udayakumar Navaneethan, Mayar Al Mohajer, Mohamed Shata (2008)

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a single-stranded RNA virus that causes large-scale epidemics of acute viral hepatitis, particularly in developing countries. In men and non-pregnant women, the disease is usually self-limited and has a case-fatality rate of less than <0.1%. However, in pregnant women, particularly from certain geographical areas in India, HEV infection is more severe, often leading to fulminant hepatic failure and death in a significant proportion of patients. In contrast, reports from Egypt, Europe and the USA have shown that the course and severity of viral hepatitis during pregnancy is not different from that in non-pregnant women. The reasons for this geographical difference are not clear. The high mortality rate in pregnancy has been thought to be secondary to the associated hormonal (oestrogen and progesterone) changes during pregnancy and consequent immunological changes. These immunological changes include downregulation of the p65 component of nuclear factor (NF-kappaB) with a predominant T-helper type 2 (Th2) bias in the T-cell response along with host susceptibility factors, mediated by human leucocyte antigen expression. Thus far, researchers were unable to explain the high HEV morbidity in pregnancy, why it is different from other hepatitis viruses such as hepatitis A with similar epidemiological features and the reason behind the difference in HEV morbidity in pregnant women in different geographical regions. The recent developments in understanding the immune response to HEV have encouraged us to review the possible mechanisms for these differences. Further research in the immunology of HEV and pregnancy is required to conquer this disease in the near future.

0 comments Cited 112 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Detection by reverse transcription-PCR and genetic characterization of field isolates of swine hepatitis E virus from pigs in different geographic regions of the United States.

Patrick Halbur, F. William Pierson, XIANGJIAO MENG … (2002)

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an important public health concern in many developing countries. HEV is also endemic in some industrialized counties, including the United States. With our recent discovery of swine HEV in pigs that is genetically closely related to human HEV, hepatitis E is now considered a zoonotic disease. Human strains of HEV are genetically heterogenic. So far in the United States, only one strain of swine HEV has been identified and characterized from a pig. To determine the extent of genetic variations and the nature of swine HEV infections in U.S. pigs, we developed a universal reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assay that is capable of detecting genetically divergent strains of HEV. By using this universal RT-PCR assay, we tested fecal and serum samples of pigs of 2 to 4 months of age from 37 different U.S. swine farms for the presence of swine HEV RNA. Thirty-four of the 96 pigs (35%) and 20 of the 37 swine herds (54%) tested were positive for swine HEV RNA. The sequences of a 348-bp region within the ORF2 gene of 27 swine HEV isolates from different geographic regions were determined. Sequence analyses revealed that the 27 U.S. swine HEV isolates shared 88 to 100% nucleotide sequence identities with each other and 89 to 98% identities with the prototype U.S. strain of swine HEV. These U.S. swine HEV isolates are only distantly related to the Taiwanese strains of swine HEV, with about 74 to 78% nucleotide sequence identities; to most known human strains of HEV worldwide, with <79% sequence identities; and to avian HEV, with 54 to 56% sequence identities. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all the U.S. swine HEV isolates identified in this study clustered in the same genotype with the prototype U.S. swine HEV and the two U.S. strains of human HEV. The data from this study indicated that swine HEV is widespread and enzoonotic in U.S. swine herds and that, as is with human HEV, swine HEV isolates from different geographic regions of the world are also genetically heterogenic. These data further raise potential concerns for zoonosis, xenozoonosis, and food safety.

0 comments Cited 85 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Analysis of the full-length genome of a hepatitis E virus isolate obtained from a wild boar in Japan that is classifiable into a novel genotype.

Yukihiro Sato, Shigeo Nagashima, Hiroyuki Sato … (2011)

While performing a nationwide survey of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection among 450 wild boars (Sus scrofa leucomystax) that had been captured in Japan between November 2005 and March 2010, we found 16 boars (3.6%) with ongoing HEV infection: 11 had genotype 3 HEV, four had genotype 4 HEV and the remaining boar was infected with HEV of an unrecognized genotype (designated wbJOY_06). The entire wbJOY_06 genome was sequenced and was found to comprise 7246 nt excluding the poly(A) tail. The wbJOY_06 isolate was highly divergent from known genotype 1-4 HEV isolates derived from humans, swine, wild boars, deer, mongoose and rabbits (n=145) by 22.6-27.7%, rat HEV isolates (n=2) by 46.0-46.2%, and avian HEV isolates (n=5) by 52.5-53.1% over the entire genome. A Simplot analysis revealed no significant recombination between the existing HEV strains of genotypes 1-4. Therefore, we propose that the wbJOY_06 isolate is the first member of a previously unidentified genotype.

0 comments Cited 78 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

All references

Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (publisher-id): abmvz

Title: Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

Abbreviated Title: Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

Publisher: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinária (Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil )

ISSN (Print): 0102-0935

ISSN (Electronic): 1678-4162

Publication date (Print and electronic): August 2020

Volume: 72

Issue: 4

Pages: 1122-1126

Affiliations

[2] Nanning orgnameAnimal Husbandry Research Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region China

[3] Kunming orgnameChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College orgdiv1Institute of Medical Biology China

[1] Kunming orgnameKunming University of Science and Technology orgdiv1School of Medical China

Article

Publisher ID: S0102-09352020000401122 Publisher ID: S0102-0935(20)07200401122

DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-11309

SO-VID: 3f986e74-ccac-4eb8-a882-544bcc620370

License:

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

History

Date accepted : 17 September 2019

Date received : 31 January 2019

Page count

Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 25, Pages: 5

Product

SciELO Brazil

Self URI: Full text available only in PDF format (EN)

Hepatitis E virus infection in buffaloes in South China Translated title: [Hepatite E infecção viral em búfalos no Sul da China]

Read this article at

Abstract

Translated abstract

Related collections

SciELO Brazil

Most cited references 16

Hepatitis E and pregnancy: understanding the pathogenesis.

Detection by reverse transcription-PCR and genetic characterization of field isolates of swine hepatitis E virus from pigs in different geographic regions of the United States.

Analysis of the full-length genome of a hepatitis E virus isolate obtained from a wild boar in Japan that is classifiable into a novel genotype.

Author and article information

Journal

Affiliations

Article

History

Page count

Product

Categories

Comments

Comment on this article

Similar content 284

Most referenced authors 285