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      Typology of dairy production systems that meet Brazilian standards for milk quality

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT We aimed to compare the typology of dairy production systems (DPS) that meet Brazilian quality standards with that of non-compliant DPS. Semi-structured questionnaires were applied in 128 DPS located in Santa Izabel do Oeste, Paraná, Brazil (25°49'16" S and 53°29'04" W). In addition, milk quality reports of each DPS were analyzed. Dairy production systems were segregated into two groups: G1 – DPS that were in accordance with Brazilian regulations on milk quality, and G2 – DPS that did not comply with Brazilian regulations. Exploratory factor analysis was performed on structural, production, and technical variables. Two factors were defined: F1 – production scale and bargaining power, and F2 – autonomy and production control. Groups 1 and 2 were evaluated according to their structural, production, and technical characteristics as well as their F1 and F2 values. A small fraction (6.25%) of DPS met the minimum quality standards for milk. Dairy production systems that comply with quality regulations have larger production scale, higher productivity, and greater autonomy and control of milk production. Consequently, they have better bargaining power with the industry for the marketing of milk.

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          Influence of raw milk quality on fluid milk shelf life.

          Juana M. Santos, A. M. Barbano, Yang Ma (2006)
          Pasteurized fluid milk shelf life is influenced by raw milk quality. The microbial count and somatic cell count (SCC) determine the load of heat-resistant enzymes in milk. Generally, high levels of psychrotrophic bacteria in raw milk are required to contribute sufficient quantities of heat-stable proteases and lipases to cause breakdown of protein and fat after pasteurization. Sanitation, refrigeration, and the addition of CO2 to milk are used to control both total and psychrotrophic bacteria count. It is not uncommon for total bacterial counts of raw milk to be 200,000 cell/mL are usually due to the contribution of high SCC milk from a small number of cows in the herd. Technology to identify these cows and keep their milk out of the bulk tank could substantially increase the value of the remaining milk for use in fluid milk processing. To achieve a 60- to 90-d shelf life of refrigerated fluid milk, fluid processors and dairy farmers need to work together to structure economic incentives that allow farmers to produce milk with the SCC needed for extended refrigerated shelf life.
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            Risk factors for bacteriological quality of bulk tank milk in Prince Edward Island dairy herds. Part 1: Overall risk factors

            I.R. Dohoo, B.M. Jayarao, G.P. Keefe … (2009)
            The objective of this study was to determine on-farm risk factors for bacteriological quality of bulk tank milk. Bulk tank raw milk quality was evaluated on all Prince Edward Island dairy herds (n = 235) over a 2-yr period (March 2005 to March 2007). Biweekly total bacterial, preliminary incubation, laboratory pasteurization, and coliform counts were conducted using a Petrifilm culture system. For the assessment of risk factors, a case-control study was conducted from January 2006 to May 2007. Case and control herds were defined based on the last 6 analyses of bulk tank bacterial counts before on-farm evaluation. Cases were herds that had multiple elevated counts for any of the parameters measured. A total of 69 herds (39 cases and 30 control herds) were evaluated. Data collection included 1) observation and questionnaire on basic hygiene and farm management practices; 2) complete wash analysis of the milking equipment, monitoring the presence of bacterial films on equipment and evaluation of cooling system function; and 3) environmental and cow hygiene scoring. Data were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. The results of the final model indicated that high alkalinity in the wash water and poor teat-end cleanliness were associated with high bacterial counts in bulk tank milk (odds ratios = 12 and 5.3, respectively). It was also observed that high water temperature of detergent wash and the use of a water softener were associated with low bacterial counts in bulk tank milk (odds ratios = 0.87 and 0.11, respectively). A significant association between udder hair clipping and teat-end cleanliness was also observed. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of udder hygiene and milking system washing factors on hygienic quality of bulk tank milk.
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              CARACTERIZACIÓN DE SISTEMAS PRODUCTIVOS LECHEROS EN LA X REGIÓN DE CHILE MEDIANTE ANÁLISIS MULTIVARIABLE

              Ricardo Smith R., Víctor Moreira L, Luis Latrille L. (2002)
              Este estudio caracteriza y clasifica las explotaciones lecheras de la Décima Región de Chile de acuerdo a aspectos técnicos, productivos, y relacionados al capital humano con que ellas cuentan. Doscientos noventa predios lecheros fueron encuestados y caracterizados mediante diez variables cuantitativas y nueve cualitativas. Esta información fue analizada mediante tres técnicas de estadísticas multivariable exploratoria (análisis de componentes principales, de correspondencias múltiples, y de conglomerados) para generar cuatro sistemas productivos. El primer sistema productivo obtenido del análisis incluye predios con un bajo nivel tecnológico, partos concentrados en primavera, sin estabulación o confinamiento, carga animal de 0,62 UA ha-1, y una producción por vaca entre 741 y 1.547 L año-1. Las explotaciones en el segundo sistema productivo muestran partos concentrados en otoño y primavera, un tiempo de confinamiento del rebaño equivalente a 1,25 meses en el año, carga animal de 0,72 UA ha-1, y vacas que producen desde 1.617 a 3.112 L año-1. En el tercer sistema productivo, los predios distribuyen los partos a través del año o bien los concentran en otoño y primavera; estas explotaciones prácticamente no confinan el rebaño, tienen una carga animal de 1,16 UA ha-1, y una producción anual por vaca entre 2.018 a 3.671 L. Las explotaciones del cuarto sistema presentan los más altos niveles tecnológicos, distribuyen las pariciones a lo largo del año, confinan el rebaño un tiempo equivalente a 2 meses o más, tienen carga animal de 0,96 UA ha-1, y una producción anual por vaca entre 3.925 y 5.348 L.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Leslié Defante: Role: ND
                Julio Cesar Damasceno: Role: ND
                Ferenc Istvan Bánkuti: Role: ND
                Carlos Eduardo Crispim de Oliveira Ramos: Role: ND
                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): rbz
                Title: Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia
                Abbreviated Title: R. Bras. Zootec.
                Publisher: Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia (Viçosa, MG, Brazil )
                ISSN (Print): 1516-3598
                ISSN (Electronic): 1806-9290
                Publication date (Print and electronic): April 2019
                Volume: 48
                Issue: 0
                Electronic Location Identifier: e20180023
                Affiliations
                [1] Maringá Paraná orgnameUniversidade Estadual de Maringá orgdiv1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia Brazil
                [3] Cruz das Almas Bahia orgnameUniversidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia orgdiv1Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas Brazil
                [2] Maringá Paraná orgnameUniversidade Estadual de Maringá orgdiv1Departamento de Zootecnia Brazil
                Article
                Publisher ID: S1516-35982019000100101
                DOI: 10.1590/rbz4820180023
                SO-VID: 3fcbc9b7-01b4-4a85-b53e-685c46ccd9b4
                License:

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                Date received : 07 March 2018
                Date accepted : 18 October 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 44, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Subject: Animal Production Systems and Agribusiness

                Keywords: agricultural systems,dairy cattle,milk composition,somatic cell count
                Data availability:
                Keywords: agricultural systems, dairy cattle, milk composition, somatic cell count

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