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      Estudo experimental da influência da altura do enxerto ósseo intersomático na estabilidade da fixação monossegmentar anterior da coluna cervical Translated title: Experimental study of the impact of intersomatic bone graft height on the stability of anterior monosegmental fixation of the cervical spine

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          Abstract

          OBJETIVO: Estudar experimentalmente a influência da altura do enxerto ósseo intersomático da coluna cervical na estabilidade mecânica da fixação cervical anterior. MÉTODOS: Foram realizados ensaios mecânicos utilizando a coluna cervical de suínos (C3-C4). Foram formados três grupos experimentais compostos por 20 segmentos da coluna cervical (C3-C4), de acordo com o grau de instabilidade produzido e a fixação do segmento vertebral. Grupo I: retirada do disco intervertebral e colocação de enxerto intersomático. Grupo II: retirada do disco intervertebral, colocação de enxerto intersomático e fixação anterior com placa. Grupo III: retirada do disco intervertebral, secção dos ligamentos posteriores e cápsulas articulares bilateralmente, colocação do enxerto intersomático e fixação anterior com placa. Cada grupo experimental foi dividido em dois subgrupos, de acordo com a altura do enxerto ósseo utilizado (3,0mm ou 6,0mm). Os segmentos vertebrais foram submetidos a ensaios mecânicos de flexão, flexão lateral e torção em máquina universal de ensaio. Os parâmetros analisados foram força máxima (N) e o momento (Nm) para produzir uma deflexão preestabelecida. RESULTADOS: Não foi observada em todos os grupos experimentais diferença estatística dos valores da força máxima (N) e do momento (Nm), entre as diferentes alturas (3,0mm e 6,0mm) do enxerto ósseo intersomático. Conclusões: A estabilidade mecânica imediata da artrodese cervical monossegmentar anterior não sofreu influência da altura do enxerto ósseo intersomático nos ensaios de flexão, flexão lateral e torção.

          Translated abstract

          OBJECTIVE: To perform an experimental study of the impact of intersomatic bone graft height of the cervical spine on the mechanical stability of anterior cervical fixation. METHODS: Mechanical assays were performed using swine cervical spine (C3-C4). Three experimental groups were formed with 20 cervical spine segments (C3-C4) according to the degree of stability achieved and the fixation of the vertebral segment. Group I: removal of the intervertebral disc and placement of intersomatic graft. Group II: removal of the intervertebral disc, placement of the intersomatic graft, and anterior fixation with plate. Group III: removal of the intervertebral disc, bilateral section of posterior ligaments and joint capsules, placement of intersomatic graft, and anterior fixation with plate. Each experimental group was divided into two subgroups, according to the height of the bone graft used (3.0 mm or 6.0 mm). Vertebral segments were submitted to mechanical assays of flexion, lateral flexion, and torsion in a universal assay machine. The parameters analyzed were maximum strength (N) and the time (Nm) to produce a predetermined deflection. RESULTS: Considering all experimental groups, the authors did not observe a statistical difference among the maximum strength (N) and time (Nm) between the different heights (3.0 mm and 6.0 mm) of the intersomatic bone graft. CONCLUSIONS: Immediate mechanical stability of anterior monosegmental cervical arthrodesis was not impacted by the intersomatic graft height in the flexion, lateral flexion, and torsion assays.

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          Most cited references27

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          The treatment of certain cervical-spine disorders by anterior removal of the intervertebral disc and interbody fusion.

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            Stabilization of the cervical spine by anterior fusion.

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              The vertical stability of the cervical spine.

              The concept of the three-column cervical spine and load transmission through each column was experimentally tested. Material consisted of five cervical columns removed from cadavers. The experiment was conducted on an Instron load testing machine. Load was applied on superior articular surfaces of the axis vertebra and was recorded below from each column separately at the level of the sixth cervical vertebra. It was found that 36% of the total load applied on the top of the specimen is transmitted through the anterior column formed by bodies and intervertebral discs and 32% each through the two posterior cervical columns formed by the articular processes. The experiment very strongly supported the role of neural arch in transmission of vertebral compressive forces.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rbort
                Revista Brasileira de Ortopedia
                Rev. bras. ortop.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Ortopedia e Traumatologia (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                0102-3616
                1982-4378
                June 2008
                : 43
                : 6
                : 240-247
                Affiliations
                [01] Ribeirão Preto SP orgnameFaculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto Universidade de São Paulo orgdiv1Departamento de Biomecânica, Medicina e Reabilitação do Aparelho Locomotor Brasil
                [02] Uberaba MG orgnameUniversidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro orgdiv1Departamento de Bioestatística Brasil
                Article
                S0102-36162008000600005 S0102-3616(08)04300605
                409d4846-3863-4086-9d06-66b166fdd087

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 12 February 2008
                : 28 May 2008
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 28, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigos Originais

                Transplante ósseo,Swine,Cervical vertebrae,Spinal fusion,Biomechanics,Bone transplantation,Spine,Suínos,Vértebras cervicais,Fusão vertebral,Biomecânica,Coluna vertebral

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