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      Causas más frecuentes de nódulo pulmonar solitario y su relación con el cáncer pulmonar

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          Abstract

          Justificación y objetivo: El cáncer de pulmón ha aumentado en los últimos años y ha llegado a ocupar, tanto en hombres como en mujeres, el noveno lugar de incidencia en América Latina. En Costa Rica constituye la tercera causa de muerte por tumores malignos en hombres y la sexta en mujeres. El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar las causas más frecuentes del nódulo pulmonar solitario y entre ellas, el sitio que ocupa el cáncer pulmonar. Método: Se estudiaron 49 pacientes que ingresaron con el diagnóstico de nódulo pulmonar solitario, o se les descubrió 1 durante su internamiento y cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Todos fueron referidos al servicio de Cirugía de Tórax y Cardiovascular del Hospital Dr. Rafael A. Calderón Guardia, en el periodo comprendido entre enero de 1996 y diciembre de 2001. La información de siguientes variables: sexo, edad y clasificación histoló-gica de las biopsias, obtuvo a partir de de los expedientes clínicos. Resultados: De los 49 pacientes, 26 eran mujeres (53%). La edad más frecuente estuvo en el grupo de 50 años o más. Predominaron las entidades benignas y dentro de ellas, el histoplasmoma ocupó el primer lugar. En la patología maligna predominó el tumor carcinoide. El cáncer de pulmón y el linfoma se ubicaron en el segundo lugar. Conclusiones: En esta muestra se encontró como causa más frecuente de nódulo pulmonar solitario, una de carácter benigno; hubo un bajo porcentaje de nódulos de carácter maligno.

          Translated abstract

          Justification and objectives: Lung cancer has increased in the last few years. It ranks ninth in cancer incidence in Latin America, equally affecting men an women. Lung carcinoma is the third most common cause of death among men and the sixth cause of death among women in Costa Rica. The objective of this study was to determine the rate for lung cancer to appear as a solitary pulmonary nodule according to the records of the Chest Surgery Service of the Rafael Angel Calderón Guardia Hospital in San José. Methods: 49 patients were included in the study. Some were admitted with the diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodule, others had another illness and during their hospital stay a solitary pulmonary nodule was also found. This study was conducted from january 1996 to december 2001. The data were gathered form the patients charts Result: From the 49 patients with this diagnosis, 23 were men (47%) and 26 were women (53%). The most frequently occurring age groups was equal or over 50 years. The tumors were most frequently benign. The predominant histological, report of bening pathology was histoplasmoma and the prevailing magnant pathology was that of carcinoid tumors followed by lung cancer and linfoma. Conclusion: The results obtained in this groups show that a solitary pulmonary nodule is frequently benign with a low malignant percentage. There is a low incidence of lung cancer, presenting as a solitary pulmonary nodule.

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          Most cited references17

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          Investigating the solitary pulmonary nodule.

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            Role of radiology for imaging and biopsy of solitary pulmonary nodules.

            Both imaging and image-directed biopsy play a major role in evaluating solitary pulmonary nodules. Imaging is used to determine whether the nodule is actually solitary or if multiple nodules are present. Once a nodule has been detected, imaging techniques can be used to characterize the nodule in terms of whether it is likely benign or malignant. As technology has improved, smaller nodules are now more easily detected, which may create a management dilemma. With the advent of video-assisted thoracoscopic techniques, however, sampling of these lesions has become much easier. Once a solitary pulmonary nodule is detected, image-guided biopsy is often considered, which can be undertaken using CT or fluoroscopy. Technical limitations, the location of the solitary pulmonary nodules, and clinical conditions must be considered when determining the role of image-guided biopsy. Other concerns include the role of on-site cytology and the use of more recent technical advances. Image-guided biopsy should be used as part of a multimodality approach to patient management, and decisions should be discussed with the radiologist and other caregivers to determine the cost-effectiveness and safety of the procedure for each patient.
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              Nódulo pulmonar solitario

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                amc
                Acta Médica Costarricense
                Acta méd. costarric
                Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica (San José )
                0001-6012
                June 2006
                : 48
                : 2
                : 84-87
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social
                [2 ] Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social
                Article
                S0001-60022006000200006
                40e37c9c-9abc-4605-8e4d-27120143795f

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Costa Rica

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0001-6002&lng=en
                Categories
                Health Care Sciences & Services

                Health & Social care
                solitary pulmonary nodule,histoplasmoma,carcinoide tumor,histology,nódulo pulmonar solitario,tumor carcinoide,histología

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