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      Efectos de conseguir la primera posesión del balón sobre el marcador en los Campeonatos del Mundo de waterpolo 2003 y 2007 Translated title: Effect of taking the first ball possession on score during the 2003 and 2007 Water polo World Championships Translated title: Efeitos de conseguir a primeira posse da bola sobre o marcador nos campeonatos do mundo de polo aquático 2003 e 2007

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          Abstract

          El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la influencia de tener la primera posesión del balón sobre el marcador parcial y final en waterpolo. Se grabaron los 192 partidos disputados por todos los equipos participantes en los Campeonatos del Mundo de 2003 y 2007. La muestra estuvo formada por todos los equipos participantes en ambas competiciones. Se utilizó la metodología observacional. Se filmaron los partidos y posteriormente fueron analizados con el software Polo análisis v. 1.0 directo. El 43,4% de los equipos masculinos y el 52,6% de los equipos femeninos que consiguieron la primera posesión del balón disfrutaron de un resultado parcial favorable a lo largo de los periodos. Los equipos masculinos que ganaron más del 50% de los partidos cogieron el primer balón en más de un periodo. Esto ocurrió en la categoría femenina en más de dos periodos. En conclusión, coger el primer balón en un mayor número de periodos se relaciona con un marcador parcial y final favorable.

          Translated abstract

          The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of taking the first ball possession on the partial and final score in water polo. The 192 matches disputed by team’s participants in the 2003 and 2007 Water Polo World Championship were recorded. The sample included all participants on both competitions. The observational methodology was applied. Matches were filmed and later they were analyzed with "Polo Análisis v. 1.0 directo" software. The 43.4% of men’s teams and 52.6% of the female teams, who got the first ball possession, got a favourable partial result along the periods. The men’s teams that won more than 50% of the matches took the first ball in more than one period. This occurred in the female category in more than two periods. In conclusion, to take the first ball in the majority number of periods is related to favourable partial and final score.

          Translated abstract

          O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a influência de conseguir a primeira posse da bola sobre o marcador parcial e final em polo aquático. Gravaram-se as 192 partidas disputadas por todas as equipes participantes nos Campeonatos do Mundo, de 2003 e 2007. A amostra do estudo foram as equipes participantes das referidas competições. Utilizou-se a metodologia observacional. Os jogos foram filmados e, posteriormente, analisados com o software "Polo Análisis v. 1.0 directo". O resultado demonstrou que 43,4% das equipes masculinas e 52,6% das equipes femininas que conseguiram a primeira posse da bola, desfrutaram de um resultado parcial favorável ao longo dos períodos. As equipes masculinas que ganharam mais de 50% das partidas, conseguiram a primeira bola em mais de um período. Isto ocorreu na categoria feminina em mais de dois períodos. Em conclusão, conseguir a primeira posse da bola em um maior número de períodos está relacionado com um resultado parcial e final favorável.

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          Factors influencing physiological responses to small-sided soccer games.

          The aim of this study was to examine the effects of exercise type, field dimensions, and coach encouragement on the intensity and reproducibility of small-sided games. Data were collected on 20 amateur soccer players (body mass 73.1 +/- 8.6 kg, stature 1.79 +/- 0.05 m, age 24.5 +/- 4.1 years, VO(2max) 56.3 +/- 4.8 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)). Aerobic interval training was performed during three-, four-, five- and six-a-side games on three differently sized pitches, with and without coach encouragement. Heart rate, rating of perceived exertion (RPE) on the CR10-scale, and blood lactate concentration were measured. Main effects were found for exercise type, field dimensions, and coach encouragement (P 0.15). During a six-a-side game on a small pitch without coach encouragement, exercise intensity was 84 +/- 5% of maximal heart rate, blood lactate concentration was 3.4 +/- 1.0 mmol x l(-1), and the RPE was 4.8. During a three-a-side game on a larger pitch with coach encouragement, exercise intensity was 91 +/- 2% of maximal heart rate, blood lactate concentration was 6.5 +/- 1.5 mmol x l(-1), and the RPE was 7.2. Typical error expressed as a coefficient of variation ranged from 2.0 to 5.4% for percent maximal heart rate, from 10.4 to 43.7% for blood lactate concentration, and from 5.5 to 31.9% for RPE. The results demonstrate that exercise intensity during small-sided soccer games can be manipulated by varying the exercise type, the field dimensions, and whether there is any coach encouragement. By using different combinations of these factors, coaches can modulate exercise intensity within the high-intensity zone and control the aerobic training stimulus.
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            Sport competition as a dynamical self-organizing system.

            The existence of structure in sport competition is implicated in the widespread practice of using the information gathered from a past contest to prepare for a future contest. Based on this reasoning, we previously analysed squash match-play for evidence of signature traits from among the stochastic relations between the various types of shot. The mixed findings from these analyses led us to re-analyse squash match-play as a dynamical system. Here, we extend this line of investigation with some suggestions as to how various sports might be described further within this theoretical framework. We offer some examples of dynamical interactions in dyadic (i.e. one vs one) and team (e.g. many vs many) sports, as well as some predictions from a dynamical systems analysis for these types of sports contests. This paper should serve to initiate further research into the complex interactions that occur in sport competition.
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              Applied physiology of water polo.

              Water polo has been played for over a century. While the rules of the game have evolved considerably over this time, the sport has consistently remained, physiologically, a highly demanding activity. Much attention has been paid to the technical and strategic elements of the game; however, despite the potential for improvements in athletic performance and the maintenance of athletes' health, there are few published studies (particularly in English) on the physical and physiological demands and adaptations to water polo training and competition. Game analyses have demonstrated that water polo is an 'intermittent' sport comprised of intense bursts of activity of <15 seconds duration with intervening, lower intensity intervals averaging <20 seconds duration. Physiological measurements obtained during game play indicate a cumulative effect of the repeated sequences of activities and suggest there is a high metabolic demand on the athletes. The multiple individual skills and movements required for playing water polo also place considerable demands on the neuromuscular system. Observations of the frequency and duration of the different activities, and of the physiological responses to participating in a water polo match, are initial sources of information for designing training programmes specific to the game and to the different playing positions. The physical and physiological attributes of elite water polo players offer some insight into the minimum requirements for participation and the adaptations that result from training and competition. Further systematic documentation and experimentation are required to facilitate the design and specification of individual training programmes and to better understand the long term effects of water polo on athletes' health.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbce
                Revista Brasileira de Ciências do Esporte
                Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Esporte
                Colégio Brasileiro de Ciências do Esporte (Porto Alegre )
                2179-3255
                June 2012
                : 34
                : 2
                : 391-403
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Spain
                [2 ] Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia Spain
                [3 ] Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia Spain
                Article
                S0101-32892012000200010
                10.1590/S0101-32892012000200010
                4103de7a-f5ea-4c70-bc94-b80c44a2890e

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0101-3289&lng=en
                Categories
                SPORT SCIENCES

                Sports medicine
                Water polo,performance,first possession,game analysis,Polo aquático,rendimento,primeira posse,análise do jogo,Waterpolo,rendimiento,primera posesión,análisis de juego

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